When you need an affordable and economical way of heating, many people think about making a potbelly stove that runs on waste oil. In this article you will find a description of a typical design, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of the device and make the oven more autonomous.
Initially, burning used oil was only one of the available means of its disposal. Craftsmen could not get past such an energy-intensive fuel and created stoves in which oil burns with minimal soot and soot.
1 - waste oil; 2 - lower oil tank; 3 - damper for regulating the air supply; 4 - pipe with holes for air; 5 - combustion chamber; 6 - upper container; 7 - partition; 8 - chimney
Any oil or fuel oil can be used as fuel, as well as some pasty lubricants. Volatile liquids such as kerosene, gasoline or solvents cannot be used in the stove, but a small amount of them can be used when lighting.
Structurally, the oil furnace consists of two combustion chambers connected by a fairly wide perforated pipe. Since most furnaces are made from improvised materials and scrap metal, it makes no sense to adhere to strict dimensions, the proportions of individual structural elements are much more important.
The lower chamber of the furnace is a tank of arbitrary shape, which, when filled by 2/3, can hold 5-7 liters of fuel. The power of the furnace and the rate of combustion of the fuel are directly proportional to the area of the lower chamber. The frequency of adding oil to the furnace depends on its capacity, so often the lower chamber is made very voluminous, up to 20-30 liters. Such a downward shift of the center of gravity ensures, among other things, the stability of the structure.
3 or 4 legs with bolts at the ends are welded to the bottom of the chamber so that it is possible to adjust the installation level. Also, an oil supply pipe cuts into the bottom, which bends into a siphon for a water seal. It makes sense to bring the end of the tube into an adjacent container of approximately the same size, which acts as a fuel tank. The bottom of the tank should be 2-3 cm below the bottom of the stove in order to completely drain the oil.
A hole with a movable damper is necessarily cut out in the upper wall of the lower chamber to regulate the incoming air and, accordingly, the oil heating temperature. Also, a pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm and a length of 35-70 cm is cut into the upper wall. Holes 12-16 mm in diameter are made on its surface in 6 or 8 rows at a distance of 7-10 cm from each other.
The upper chamber of the furnace usually duplicates the lower one in size and shape, but it can be much larger. The higher the internal volume, the more complete combustion can be achieved, but in a chamber that is too spacious, the temperature will be insufficient.
It should be remembered that the manufacture of the furnace and its further refinement are purely experimental in nature, the same product, depending on the placement conditions, can work with different efficiencies. Over time, from a simple potbelly stove for heating a garage or workshop, such a stove can turn into a full-fledged heating unit for the whole house, capable of operating in automatic mode. To do this, the furnace is equipped with a drip oil supply, a water heat exchanger or forced pressurization.
To improve the efficiency of the furnace, air fans of two types are used: pressurization and external blowing. The latter option is appropriate if an impressive room is heated by the stove and it is not necessary to rely on natural air convection. In this case, a conventional fan helps the case to transfer heat more efficiently, the air flow is directed to the place of greatest heat.
The internal airflow is designed to enrich the upper chamber with oxygen, which contributes to a deeper decomposition of fuel particles, as well as its longer burning. With the use of forced air, the so-called "blue flame" appears, indicating a smokeless combustion process.
Air is supplied by a conventional duct fan with a capacity of 250 m 3 per hour. It is usually placed on the floor next to the stove and is connected to the upper chamber by a rigid air duct with a diameter of 100 or 110 mm. To connect the air duct, a piece of pipe of the required diameter is cut into the upper chamber, into which a damper is inserted to regulate the air flow. To avoid backdraft, it is recommended to install a sensitive check valve immediately downstream of the fan.
Often, an oil furnace is used as a water heating boiler. This is possible after installing a heat exchanger in the upper combustion chamber. For good heat transfer, you will need a capacity of impressive size - about 30-50 liters. A heat exchanger is mounted inside the chamber, it can be a coil or a steel pipe system, or an internal tank.
Due to the fact that the passage of combustion products near the heat exchanger is difficult, soot and soot are formed much faster, and condensate may also appear during the ignition process. To facilitate cleaning, the heat exchanger must have at least one flanged connection sealed with asbestos cord.
The role of the coolant in the system is usually assigned to antifreeze or special fluids. The coolant must constantly move, so a circulation pump is built into the heating circuit.
For an oil stove, it is very important to have a stable and powerful draft, so the height of the chimney must be at least 4 meters. Usually, a steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm or more is used to construct a chimney channel.
No more than two turns of the chimney are allowed, but only with the correct arrangement of connections at the corners and only from a vertical direction to a horizontal one. Turns must be made through tees mounted on vertical segments. One of the branches of the tee must be directed straight down and have a removable metal plug to collect the resulting condensate.
The final vertical segment of the chimney can be made of an asbestos-cement pipe, but a protective well made of bricks to a height of 2-2.5 meters will be required.
For ignition, you can use paper or rags, or flammable liquids. In the first case, oil should be added in small portions to the combustion source. In the second, you need to add a small amount (50-70 grams) of solvent or gasoline to the first chamber, filled with oil by 2/3, and set it on fire with a lighter with a long torch as soon as possible, without waiting for the formation of explosive fumes.
In operation, the oil furnace is completely fireproof, its design does not allow the formation of an open flame. However, there is a risk of oil being ejected from the chamber due to overflow or water intrusion.
About once a month, you need to clean the oven: remove carbon deposits in a container with oil, after tapping the oven with a hammer. In the upper chamber, especially in the presence of a heat exchanger, soot accumulates faster and is poorly chipped, it must be brushed off with a metal brush. For ease of maintenance and cleaning, it is recommended to make the camera housings detachable. For example, using double-shouldered lids. The connection of the furnace to the chimney and fan must also be detachable.
During the combustion of mining, vapors and gases are formed that enter the connecting pipe. There, the combustion process becomes more active, as the combustion products of the oil are mixed with more oxygen. The gaseous waste from this process is discharged through a chimney connected to the upper tank.
For a more accurate representation of the design, we propose to consider the drawing of this unit.
There are 4 versions of waste oil furnaces:
These furnaces, in comparison with other designs, have undeniable advantages. Among them are the following:
However, it is important to know about the disadvantages of oil furnaces for mining:
First of all, the surface on which the oven is installed must be strictly horizontal so that the oil in the tank is evenly distributed.
For the manufacture of the device, you need to choose only high-quality and heat-resistant materials. For the chimney, steel with a thickness of at least 3 mm is used. Its outer part can be made of galvanized or asbestos-cement pipe. The internal diameter of the smoke channels must be at least 10 cm.
At the exit from the furnace, a small section of the pipe is set at an angle of 30 °, and then it must go strictly vertically. For the tank, metal with a thickness of 3 mm or more is used. The diameter of the holes in the connecting pipe is selected so that it is equal to about a tenth of the diameter of the chimney. 
In the lower tank, it is important to provide for a damper that will allow you to adjust the strength of the flame.
Oil furnaces in mining are great for heating non-residential premises. At the same time, in buildings where people are constantly present, such equipment is used with caution. In the room where this unit operates, oxygen burns out intensively, which poses some danger. If you decide to install such equipment in a residential building, you must allocate a separate room for this. Then it is allowed to use the device in a water heating system.
To heat water with this furnace, a sealed tank with a heat carrier is installed above the upper tank. In order for the liquid to circulate, fittings are attached to the container at different levels.
You can also make the operation of the furnace more efficient using a conventional fan, which is installed near the upper tank. By blowing the container, this mechanical device not only promotes better circulation of warm air, but also cools the upper part of the stove, which will significantly extend the service life. 
You can buy a similar factory-made device, but its cost is quite high - about 50 thousand rubles. Or you can order the unit from the master. The final amount will depend on the area in which you live, as well as on the level of professionalism of the master. In any case, the price of a mining furnace will be more affordable - about 5 thousand rubles.
Another option is to make the device yourself. We bring to your attention a simple instruction that will help you do everything right.
First of all, you need to stock up on the necessary materials and tools, namely:
Alternatively, waste gas cylinders can be used instead of sheet metal to create tanks.
The procedure for manufacturing a waste oil furnace is as follows:
The oven is now ready for use. But before you start using the unit, it will be useful to know a number of safety precautions when handling it:
As you can see, furnaces using waste oil are quite convenient and simple units in design. Without big expenses they give the chance to heat effectively working rooms. However, such a device will be useful only if during its manufacture, and especially during operation, all fire safety rules are strictly followed.
Before embarking on the manufacture of a simple furnace for mining, you need to think in detail how it will be used and where it will be located. In addition, it is necessary to clearly understand how the manufacturing process of the unit takes place and what tools and components will be needed for this.
Various self-made heating stoves are quite popular today. Since they do not need to spend a lot of money, and at the same time they are very effective. Waste oil stoves are just such units that are installed for heating a house, garage, bathhouse, workshop, greenhouse or other outbuildings. Do-it-yourself furnace drawings for working out are quite understandable and there are no complex structures there, so anyone who wants to make such a unit can handle it quite well.
Often, stoves are made on used oil for a bath. This is a great option, as the unit will not only quickly heat the air in the bath, but also the water. Furnace equipment for a bath is usually quite expensive, and such a do-it-yourself design is quite effective and cheap.
Rice. one The simplest roundThe design of the waste oil furnace consists in the presence of two tanks connected by a burner pipe (Fig. 1). One tank is at the bottom and the other is at the top. The lower tank is the primary combustion chamber, in which the oil is actually placed, where it boils, and gases are released that continue to burn in the connecting pipe.
The connecting pipe must be provided with holes (fig. 2). The diameter of these holes becomes about 1 cm. Air enters the burner pipe through these holes, with which the vapors mix and ignite with renewed vigor. In the upper tank, the oil vapors burn out and the combustion products are removed through the chimney.
Rice. 2 Manufactured pipe-burner with There must be a hole in the lower tank through which air enters the combustion chamber, and also through which oil is poured. There should be a damper on this hole, it regulates the intensity of combustion. It is possible to make different models of the furnace. Quite often, drawings of a square furnace are used for mining (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3 Square furnace with a fuel supply tank in Do-it-yourself furnaces are also often automated for mining, for example, by adding an air compressor for pressurization and a pump for supplying fuel to the design.
Rice. 4It should be noted that the layout of the furnace for mining can be different, for example, made from a gas cylinder, with a water circuit, the tanks can be round or square.
This design has many advantages. The main ones can be noted:
Rice. fiveThe gas cylinder is ideal for making a furnace out of it, that is, its shape, thickness. Especially often this design is used in the bath. For this you need the following materials:
To make a waste oil furnace, you need a drill, an angle grinder, a welding machine, as well as a set of locksmith tools, a tape measure, and a level.
The drawing of the furnace for mining from a gas cylinder is very important in the design. To begin with, the gas cylinder must be empty, it must be opened, since the remaining gas remains exactly the same. You also need to drain all the condensate. Clean the bottle with water several times. Cleaning should only be carried out outdoors and never indoors.
Rice. 6 A variant of the unit for the development of the manufactured Next, you need to cut off the top. In order to put exactly marks for the cut, you can draw water into a cylinder and bury it in the ground up to half. The cut is made with an angle grinder, that is, a grinder, along with water inside. Next, water will begin to flow through the incision, it is worth waiting for the excess water to flow out, after which the top is completely cut off.
According to the drawing of the waste oil furnace with your own hands, you should then make a hole for the chimney. It is done on the cylinder body at a distance of 10 cm from the top. The diameter of this hole should be the same as the chimney pipe. A horizontal pipe (about 40 cm) is welded to the cylinder with a welding machine, and a vertical part is already attached to it, which should reach at least 3.5 m.
Rice. 7 The chimney of the unit is being worked out. In the case above the bottom, you need to cut a hole for blowing. It has a rectangular shape. And then a door is attached to it to adjust the intensity of combustion. A container for testing is installed at the bottom of the cylinder. It can be made from a pipe with a diameter of 17 cm, a height of about 10 cm can be taken. The bottom must be welded to this pipe with a sealed seam. From a sheet of steel, you need to cut a lid for a container with oil. It should have 2 holes: one for the burner pipe - 10 cm, the second for supplying fuel and air 4 cm. In this design, as well as in other drawings and assemblies of waste oil furnaces, a valve is needed for the fuel supply hole.
The burner pipe must be as high as a gas cylinder. One end must be welded to the lower combustion chamber, and to the second a round piece cut from a sheet of steel. The diameter of this part is equal to the diameter of the balloon.
Also, holes with a diameter of 1 cm should be drilled on the pipe with a drill; there should be about 40 of them, they are arranged in rows. Further, the entire resulting structure is placed in a balloon. The chimney hole must be located above the top round piece. The cylinder cover, which was previously cut off, is welded to the resulting structure from above.
You also need to weld the legs from the prepared corner to the cylinder. Now you can pour mining into the finished design, made by yourself, through the blower door.
Often in the manufacture of waste oil furnaces, a different method of supplying oil is used. For example, a branch pipe is launched through a burner pipe with a diameter of about 2 cm, into which another one is cut at an angle. An oil container can be connected to the second pipe. This design is done by hand.
Rice. 8The scheme of the waste oil furnace with a water circuit is quite simple. The design has a pump supplying fuel to the combustion chamber. Oil (working out) is in a separate container. When the oil is supplied to the chamber, it begins to evaporate, and the vapors rise into the burner pipe, where intensive combustion occurs and, as a result, the water in the water jacket is heated. In such a working device, a drip fuel supply scheme is installed.
In the upper part there is a container with water, which is heated. Already from this container, an exit is made to the heating circuit (above), and through the second hole (below), already chilled water returns to such a do-it-yourself boiler. The pipes that enter the water tank should be 4 cm in diameter. For such a system, you first need to assemble the pipeline and radiators.
Knowing how to make a working oven is not all. It is very important to know all safety rules and installation requirements as this oven is a fire hazard. The main rule in the manufacture is to adhere to the schemes and drawings of the waste oil furnace made earlier. You should also make the unit only from high-quality, and, of course, heat-resistant materials, of the desired thickness.
The chimney should only be in a vertical position; during assembly, it is allowed to adhere to a slope of 300-400. The thickness of the flue pipe must be at least 3 mm. The chimney must be closed with a visor that will protect it from rain. Do-it-yourself installation of such a furnace implies an absolutely flat surface, this is important, since the oil level in the lower tank must be even and not reach the top.
Before installing a finished structure, you need to take care of the place where it will stand. Be sure to make heat-resistant protection, that is, install asbestos or steel sheets on the walls. You can put the unit on a brickwork filled with cement mortar. There should be free space around the stove, about 50 cm.
Maintenance of the furnace during working out consists in cleaning the chimney from soot and soot and the oil tank.
It should be noted a few points that absolutely cannot be done:
Transformer, transmission, motor, depreciation oils are suitable as fuel for a working furnace during mining. If the refueling of the unit is portioned, then it is forbidden to add oil during the combustion process. Refueling of mining occurs only after the complete burnout of the previous portion and the cooling of the unit.
To heat technical premises (garage, workshops, etc.), a working furnace with or without pressurization is used. Proper manufacture of the device allows you to purchase a good product for space heating and water heating.
Waste oil often has nowhere to go, but as a fuel it is well suited, since there is no need to purchase and store firewood or spend electricity. Fuel consumption does not exceed 2 liters per hour. At the same time, it does not need to be specially prepared in terms of heating, cleaning and pumping under pressure.
With proper operation and compliance with safety standards, the furnace exhibits the following advantages.
Unfortunately, it also has disadvantages:
The basis for the mining furnace was kerogas, which was previously used in dachas and villages. It used kerosene as fuel, the vapors of which were burned in a separate chamber. In order not to spend money on fuel, a method was developed for burning used oil, which some enterprises give away cheaply or for free.
Making a stove with your own hands is not so difficult, but the processes of burning oils that occur in it are complex. In order for the vapors to burn completely, they must be twisted for better mixing. For complete combustion of oil, heavy components must first be split into light ones. The process is called pyrolysis. For evaporation, heating of the oil itself is necessary.
The principle of operation is that, first, mining is ignited in the lower chamber. At the same time, air enters it through the throttle valve, which regulates the intensity of combustion. Oil vapors, together with air, rise up a vertical pipe, which, together with the upper tank, is an afterburner. The mixture is stirred under the action of the Coriolis force. The intensity depends on the correct choice of the length and diameter of the combustion chamber.
For complete combustion, air through the lower damper enters in insufficient quantities. Therefore, it is additionally sucked through the holes made in the vertical connecting tank.
Then the gas flow passes into the final afterburning chamber, made in the form of an expanded container from above. It is made with a horizontal spacing between the combustion chamber outlet and the chimney inlet, which is necessary to create a temperature jump between the oxygen and nitrogen oxide afterburning zones. The fact is that at temperatures below 600 0 C, nitrogen oxides are more active than oxygen, and they oxidize fuel particles in the first place, decomposing at the same time. As the temperature rises, oxygen becomes the main oxidizing agent and harmful substances go through the chimney into the atmosphere. Therefore, a high temperature in the upper tank is undesirable.
Furnaces work on the principle of afterburning vapors when oil is heated. A pyrolysis unit is suitable for this fuel, where it can be heated in a vacuum chamber. Vapors are formed in it and enter the afterburner. Air is also supplied there to support combustion. Vapors burn with intense heat release.
You can make a working furnace yourself. The material can be gas cylinders, pipes or sheet steel.
If you own the technique of electric welding, you can make an oil oven yourself. Materials are prepared according to the drawings of the furnace.
To assemble the device, you will need some tools. This:
After assembly, the connections are checked for tightness so that oil cannot seep through the welds and seals.
The working oil furnace includes two cylindrical tanks connected by a perforated pipe. The upper tank contains a partition inside and is offset relative to the lower one along the axis. Round containers can be replaced with square or rectangular ones. The stove will not work worse. The structure is installed on the floor with the help of welded legs.
A conventional oil furnace has a power of no more than 3-4 kW. It can be made larger by proportionally increasing the size. The next stage is the installation of two afterburners, a mining tank with feed to the first combustion chamber and a sliding furnace. The most efficient is the pressurized oil furnace. Getting power over 15 kW by increasing the size is impractical. The intensity of oil evaporation has a limit, above which soot and fumes appear.
The manufacture of two chambers requires high-quality welding, so the design is complex. It's easier to do everything in one container. All physical and chemical processes will take place in it. In this method, the removal of heat from the combustion products does not disrupt the combustion process. The best option is a furnace for mining from a gas cylinder using pressurization.
The stove is a closed vessel with a damper on top to regulate the air supply. Air is supplied from the fan through the central part through the pipe. After it, a check valve must be installed so that flue gases do not enter the room after the forced air supply is stopped. In the lower part of the discharge pipe, a plurality of holes are made to supply the required amount of air to the afterburner.
The furnace for mining from a pressurized gas cylinder has an increased heat output. If the air pressure is incorrectly supplied, the opposite result can be achieved before the combustion process stops. Here it is convenient to increase the length of the chimney by making a horizontal section, turning into a vertical one at the end. At the same time, the heating of the room is improved due to the larger heat transfer surface, but you should be aware that if the horizontal sections are too long and if there are turns in the chimney without pressurization, the stove will not work. The height of the pipe must be at least 4 m, diameter - at least 10 cm. No more than two turns of the chimney by 90 0 are allowed.
Furnace for testing with pressurization and refueling can work for a long period. It is impossible to increase the size of the combustion chamber: the oil will not warm up. If this succeeds in melting it, the uncontrolled combustion of a large amount of fuel creates a fire hazard. The container is filled no more than 2/3 of the volume in an amount up to 0.5 liters. Refueling can be provided through a tube with a tap according to the law of communicating vessels or supplied from above by dripping through a funnel through a pipe. Small portions of oil falling on a hot bowl instantly evaporate and ignite. The advantage of the method is the absence of a large amount of boiling oil in the combustion chamber, which creates a risk of ejection. Then even a mini-oven working out with supercharging can heat the room for a long time. The difficulty lies in ensuring the continuity of the mining drip feed process, which is usually controlled visually. This requires careful cleaning and dosage. Here it is necessary to give preference to industrial models. A pressurized and refueled mining furnace works better when the oil is atomized with air.
Such a device is built into a potbelly stove, and it works effectively. Here it is important to ensure visual control of the oil supply from outside the furnace. The flow rate is adjusted with a tap so that a thin stream flows. This changes the power. A large amount of fuel is not required. Here, the effect is provided by falling drops of oil on the hot surface of the cup. When there is little fuel, the stove can be easily extinguished by shutting off its supply.
It is convenient to feed home-made designs from an external tank through a float fuel level regulator. The flow of fuel into the combustion chamber is created through communicating vessels. The power of the furnace is changed by the air damper.
Supercharging can be used to increase traction, since the efficient removal of combustion products is no less important than forcing oxygen into the furnace. The hood is improved in two ways - injection and ejector.
The ejector design of the pressurized stove is preferable, since there is enough fan with a capacity of 1500 l / h (kitchen, computer or industrial VN-2).
A simple supercharged mini-furnace does not always suit users due to low performance and low functionality. To improve its performance, additional devices are used.
First, the oven is lit. Here they use rags, paper and Thinner or gasoline is poured onto the surface of the oil and quickly set on fire with a long torch. It is impossible to wait for a long time, otherwise a mixture of vapors of a combustible liquid with air is formed and ignition occurs with cotton. Ignition with flammable liquids requires special care.
Fuel overfilling is not allowed, otherwise a blowout may occur. After heating, the oil begins to boil. The process is controlled by an air damper.
The containers are periodically cleaned with a metal brush. Places of accumulation of soot are tapped with a hammer.
The operation of such a unit as a mining furnace with a water circuit is constantly monitored, since it is necessary to ensure that the amount of coolant is not below the norm. Antifreeze should be handled with care, avoiding contact with the body.
Burning waste oil is preferable to recycling. Moreover, a special supercharged mining furnace has been developed, for which it is not required, but it is possible to burn oil directly. The expediency of its use also lies in the high efficiency, reaching 80%. A homemade supercharged mining furnace can be made from improvised means, which will save significant money.
Oil waste from the engine and other devices is a very popular fuel for heating garages and even houses. It's always nice to use recycled materials to good use. And in the case when this issue concerns energy resources for heating, this is also beneficial. The role of the "first violin" in this situation is performed by the oven for working out with your own hands. Other names for this device are a heat gun, a heat generator and a heater.
Any combustible oil can be used as fuel. Diesel, machine, transmission, vegetable, confectionery. Absolutely any. A waste oil furnace with a water circuit is also made from recycled materials: pieces of metal, an old oxygen or gas cylinder, or cut pipes of different diameters. The purpose of this article is to talk about how such furnaces are arranged, and how to make such a unit yourself.
Among motorists, a do-it-yourself waste oil stove is quite popular. It heats small rooms well with little requirements for aesthetics and cleanliness. This unit is perfect for a garage, workshop, small country house and other similar buildings.
Homemade furnaces for mining have the following positive aspects:
For reliable and trouble-free operation of such a furnace for a garage, you only need a good chimney.
The disadvantages of this device include low efficiency and the unpleasant smell of oil vapors that occurs during certain operating modes. It is worth mentioning the appearance of stains on the floor or clothes that appear during direct contact with mining. However, it is quite within the power of any self-taught master to make a supercharged furnace more efficient, we will describe how to do this later.
The standard design of the stove is made in such a way as to heat the air. In order to provide heat to a dwelling, a furnace in this design is rarely used: oxygen is burned from hot metal walls, air is dried. But for heating technical or industrial premises, this design is ideal because of its ability to quickly raise the temperature in the room. Such ovens can often be found in garages, car washes, greenhouses, warehouses and other industrial and technical premises.
The design looks like two tanks, upper and lower, connected by a perforated pipe. They are offset relative to each other's transverse axis. Many people think that tanks should ideally be cylindrical, but in practice it turned out that rectangular ones are absolutely not inferior to them. In order for the structure to be installed on the floor, legs are provided in its device. The furnace device is shown in the diagram below:
The principle of operation of the device is the pyrolysis combustion of heavy fuel. Many people know that engine oil ignites at high enough temperatures, and for burning at home, it will be necessary to turn it into vapors. To create this effect, you will need to fill the bottom tank through the hole about half way through the hole, and then kindle it. But for this you need a light fuel like thinner or gasoline.
During the combustion of gasoline, the mining heats up and begins to evaporate, as a result of which the vapors ignite and the furnace begins to “work”. The lower tank is the primary combustion chamber, where the fuel is partially burned due to the air supply through the hole. To adjust the intensity of the process, a special damper is used, with the help of which the air flow is partially blocked. The maximum fuel consumption is 2 l / h, in the temperature support mode - 0.5 l / h.
The do-it-yourself stove for mining is equipped with a vertical gas duct, on which there are a large number of holes for the passage of secondary air. Combustion products that enter the perforated pipe, mixed with mining vapors, are well burned in it and inside the upper tank. After that, flue gases exit the furnace through the chimney pipe, bending around the partition. Their temperature is quite high, and in order to save most of the heat along with the gases, it is recommended to carry out the following actions:
With a water circuit, the oil furnace can only be operated continuously. If it is supposed to be used only periodically, then it is recommended to use antifreeze as a coolant. Thus, it is possible to increase the efficiency from 40%, like that of a potbelly stove, to quite serious 50-55%.
Any craftsman who has the skills to work with a welding machine can easily and quickly make an oven with his own hands. First you need to make a procurement of materials in accordance with the drawings of the waste oil furnace.
Acting on such detailed instructions on how to make a furnace, it remains only to assemble the prepared parts. To perform the work, you will need a standard set of tools and fixtures:
After the assembly is completed, it is imperative to check the tightness of both containers and the quality of the welds, since over time, mining can seep through the smallest pores and defects. It is quite easy to perform this operation on your own, there are many methods. You can soap the joints, and supply compressed air inside the tanks, or coat the seams with kerosene and visually determine the defects.
To heat a medium-sized room, the power of the oil stove needs to be increased, the design described above will not be enough. Using a similar method, power cannot be increased indefinitely, but still options exist. For example, a furnace equipped with two afterburners, a retractable firebox and a separate fuel tank, as shown below:
If the body is already ready, the manufacture of the furnace is simplified. The principle of operation of this device is based on evaporation in a plasma bowl. It is capable of delivering up to 15 kW of heat (it gives heating of an area of about 150 m2). It is impossible to increase heat transfer by making any changes in the design (increasing the air supply or the volume of the furnace), it is possible to disrupt the thermal regime by receiving more fumes instead of more heat, and this is unsafe.
If you have the skills to work with welding, you can independently make a waste oil furnace out of a pipe. Instructions on how to make a waste oil stove:
Making the case:
Making the lid:
This drawing of a furnace working at mining is not without reason given with such a detailed indication of materials. These are the details you need to use. As a result of the operation of such a furnace with a fuel consumption of 1 - 1.5 l / h, it is possible to heat a room with an area of 150 m2.
A mining stove will help to heat a private house with an area of 100 m2, the design of which has built-in forced air injection into the combustion zone. These advantages are obvious:
It is somewhat more difficult to make such a stove for working out, in addition, this design directly depends on the stability of the power supply. In areas where power outages are not uncommon, special measures will be needed to ensure uninterrupted power supply using generators.
A home-made pressurized furnace working at mining is a closed cylindrical vessel, inside of which is the afterburner chamber familiar to us, which looks like a pipe with holes. At the bottom of the structure is a door that provides access to the firebox and ignition. A chimney pipe is welded to the top of the cylinder, and with the help of a conventional tie-in through the side wall or top cover, forced air supply in the form of a pipe with holes.
At the bottom of the vessel there is fuel (working out), which is supplied automatically as it is consumed. Feeding methods can be very diverse: using a float mechanism or from a container using a submersible mechanism, it all depends on personal preference. The figure shows a diagram of a furnace with air injection, a water jacket and fuel supply using a float valve.
With the help of a small amount of solvent or gasoline, mining is ignited at the bottom of the tank, after which the blower fan is turned on. As soon as the fuel warms up, it begins to emit vapors that are burned with excess oxygen. As a result, a powerful torch of flame is formed, which spreads in all directions as seen in the photograph.
Advice. This design is distinguished by one feature: due to the strong flame, the bottom of the vessel is very hot. If it is necessary to heat one room, a blowing fan is installed opposite this zone. In the case when it is required to heat the whole house, the stove is supplied with a water jacket.
The combustion products coming out of the furnace tank can reach a rather high temperature, about 400 0C. As in the previous design, in order to reduce heat loss, the chimney must be equipped with a heat exchanger connected to the heating system through a storage tank. This will help increase the efficiency of the furnace up to 80 - 85%.
In order to make a supercharged mining furnace, you will need an old propane tank. Holes for the chimney and doors are cut out in it, and you will also need to embed an air supply pipe, its diameter does not play a big role, but 50 mm will be ideal for us.
Holes in the pipe are made with a diameter of 9 mm according to the same principle as in a conventional stove. You will also need to make a cover with an asbestos cord seal. To do this, you will need to cut off the top of the cylinder, for convenience, handles can be welded to the lid.
In order for a home-made furnace working at mining to be able to function in different modes and be able to be regulated, it is equipped with the necessary automation. To do this, you will need to purchase a controller with temperature sensors, which is connected according to the scheme with a fan. In this case, it becomes possible to control the heating temperature by reducing or increasing the blower performance.
Quite often, such a design is done without forced air supply. All work directly depends on the draft in the chimney, and the regulation is carried out using a manual damper. Now, you know how to make a working oven with your own hands, having drawings. And how it works in real conditions can be seen in the video:
