Water from a well or well is often the only source of water.
From any well, well, or even a spring, one should not drink unpurified water. But there is not always a filter at hand.
The article offers several options for homemade filters for this case.
In order for water to be filtered, it must move (in our case, by gravity).
To ensure gravity flow, we make a watering can from an empty plastic bottle. We make a hole in the lid (larger), cut off the bottom of the bottle, turn it over and fix it over the bucket.
Now, filling the “watering can” with various filter materials, pour dirty water through the cut-off bottom, and get purified water from the neck.
This is the case when civilization got one plastic bottle.
Pure river sand, poured into the filter, will purify the water from mechanical impurities and brighten it.
A filter is created from alternating layers of cotton wool and napkins in a "watering can". Cloth can be used instead of napkins, and activated charcoal can be added to cotton wool.
Such a filter in a bottle has its pros and cons. A plus can be considered the simplicity of design and at least some possibility of water purification.
The disadvantages of such a filter are its very low throughput, bulky design and insufficient degree of water purification.
Charcoal is an excellent sorbent that absorbs many contaminants at the molecular level (especially long chains). It is even released and used in the form of tablets.
An approximate replacement for activated charcoal tablets can be charcoal for barbecues. Using it in conjunction with a fabric filter, you can get a sufficient degree of water purification for consumption.
If there are no activated charcoal tablets or charcoal in bags, it is prepared from improvised wood (as for barbecue), burning it in a fire.
The resulting charcoal is wrapped in a cloth and placed in a funnel to filter the water. In this way, a carbon filter cartridge is obtained, which should be changed after 2 to 3 days.
After being filtered and boiled, water from a well or well can be considered safe to drink.
When civilization did not even share a plastic bottle with the traveler, the simplest filter for purifying well water can be made from a cap (a piece of any fabric) and a handful of quartz sand.
The design of the filter from improvised materials can be as follows:
If it is possible to put a layer of fabric on the branches, then less litter from branches and leaves will get into the water.
Water must be boiled or additionally purified with antimicrobial agents.
Various materials are used to filter water in homemade filters, but the main ones are coal and sand. The list may expand depending on the items and materials that are at hand.
Sand. The main function of this material in water filtration is mechanical cleaning. Sand traps suspended particles.
The most suitable type of sand for filtration is quartz. The reason for this is the special shape of sand grains (they are sharp-angled and angular), such sand does not stick together, which is important for effective water purification.
Before use, the sand must be washed until the water is clear. If possible, it is advisable to boil it for an hour for disinfection.
Coal. This substance acts as an adsorbent. Coal retains chlorine, ozone, pesticides, oil products, organics, helps to clarify water, remove turbidity, tastes and odors.
If there was no special coal for water purification at hand in field conditions, its likeness can be made independently. To do this, you need to burn the wood in a fire, spread the coals, and when they cool down, collect them, grind them and rinse them under running water.
Coal is undesirable to grind into powder, it is desirable that the particles were about 1 mm in size.
You can also use activated charcoal tablets. In this case, it is important to calculate the proportions and "resource" of a homemade filter - one tablet can purify no more than one liter of water.
If you continue to filter water with one charcoal tablet over the resource, you will end up with worse quality water than it was before treatment. The reason is that coal begins to “give” the adsorbed particles back to the water.
A homemade water filter is a necessary thing in everyday life, because, as you know, one boiling is not always enough to purify water from all contaminants.
However, even far from civilization, you can provide yourself with clean water. This will help a simple filter, made by hand from available materials.
Home-made devices can get rid of large mechanical impurities, and some can even improve the composition of water. The end result will depend on which filter material you prefer.
Even seemingly clean water from streams, springs and wells contains suspensions of clay and sand, organic remains of living organisms and other harmful impurities that make water undrinkable.
To obtain conditionally pure water, it must be passed through several layers of filter elements, which can be used as:
With these available components at hand, you can make a homemade charcoal water filter. Of course, such a water purifier is not suitable for long-term use, but on a hike or in the country, it can be used to temporarily solve the problem of drinking water. 
The list of tools and materials will depend on what type of filter you will be making.
For the manufacture of the simplest options, you can even get by with a plastic bottle or bucket.
To make a filter, you will need the following materials and equipment:
How to make activated carbon for the filter yourself?
Simple enough. To do this, you need to take any metal utensils (cast iron, frying pan, etc.). Pour chopped hardwood without bark on it (birch or aspen are optimal for this purpose) and put on a stove or fire. As soon as the wood heats up and begins to smoke, the container is removed and the charcoal is cooled.
Attention! It is not recommended to use coniferous woods for charcoal preparation, since their resin contains essential oils that will spoil the taste of water. If it is not possible to heat the wood in a metal container, you can use small coals from a fire.
The filter with several layers will turn out to be of the highest quality. The more of them, the better. If possible, it is recommended to combine different filters in order to achieve maximum results.
The order of work is as follows:
VIDEO INSTRUCTION
To begin with, the first batch of water is poured into the filter and drained, since it will contain microparticles of activated carbon. As a rule, already from the second batch clean water comes out of the filter.
To achieve maximum efficiency, several alternating layers of pebbles and sand can be made, however, in this case, it should be taken into account that the better the cleaning, the lower the filter performance.
It is also advisable to cover the filler hole of the homemade filter cartridge with a layer of gauze so that insects and other debris do not get inside.
In the conditions of a summer residence, it is possible to build a more efficient filter according to the same principle. To do this, use any suitable larger containers.
It should also be noted that the resulting water can only be used as drinking water after boiling!
Charcoal is one of the most popular and effective filter materials. It is best to use birch coals, but in no case softwood. 
It is quite easy to get coal with your own hands. The workpiece must be placed in a metal container, covered with a lid and calcined on fire. Black coals 1-3 cm in size burnt out in a fire are also suitable.
After the coal has cooled, it must be wrapped in cheesecloth and placed in a funnel of a container into which water will drain. This is the easiest filter option that can be made even in field conditions.
If time permits, use a large 20 liter container.
When the design is ready, pour water for testing. At first, you may see pieces of coal, but this is not scary. Drain this water and the next batch will be drinkable. The longer and thicker the cartridge, the lower the performance, but the higher the cleaning quality.
2-3 liters per hour will be enough for comfortable use.
Any person quickly gets used to everything good, so it is quite difficult for members of modern society to do without all the benefits of civilization. Most residents of city apartments prefer to purify drinking water using special filters that are installed right under the sink. Unfortunately, residents of private houses and summer cottages are less lucky, because they do not have the opportunity to connect to the central water supply system and enjoy all the benefits of treatment facilities. In principle, you can purchase an ordinary filter jug for water purification. But what to do if it is not enough and you need to purify water not only for drinking, but also for household needs. Today we will get acquainted with the most popular ways to make water filters with your own hands for use in a city apartment and in the private sector.
There are two options for how to make a water filter at home, which are very popular among urban residents. Actually, we will consider them further.
Perhaps, once you have already used a special filter, but the cartridge responsible for water purification has already become unusable and is not able to perform its function. Do not rush to buy a new one, because it can be restored.
To do this, you will need the following materials:
Making such homemade water filters with your own hands is very simple:
Important! There are some models of cartridges in which the clamping ring is not fixed in the body. In this case, you can fix it with a sealant, just a couple of drops will be enough, the main thing is that it is non-toxic and waterproof.
To make a homemade water filter, you will need:
Now let's take a step-by-step look at how to make a water filter with your own hands from a bottle:
Important! This filter will last you a long time. And when you feel that the water has changed in taste again, then simply rinse the used coal, boil it again, replace the cloth and continue to use it calmly.
Living in the private sector or in the country, people also want to have some kind of device for filtering water, even if it comes from a clean well. Why do it? The fact is that pesticides and nitrates, which are used during the processing of the garden and the garden, can seep into the ground and get with groundwater directly into the water of wells. There is a way out - you can make water filters with your own hands from natural materials and install it on the bottom.
But first you need to decide which bottom is in your well:
Important! Pumps are inappropriate here, because they will be heavily clogged with sand and break.
At your discretion, you can use the following natural materials:
Important! To make a filter using gravel, it is better to use neutral minerals, such as jadeite. Construction and granite rubble are not suitable for this.
If you need to make a shield for a well, then it is better to make it from tree species such as oak or aspen. They are able to remain in water for a long time. The arrangement of the structure is as follows:
Important! Return filters are used in wells with a sandy bottom, as they do not allow grains of sand to rise up and protect the bottom from large debris. They are laid in the reverse order, that is, the small fraction comes first, and then the large one.
In wells, water is also purified using filters. Summer residents and owners of private houses most often use perforated perforated systems for this. Such devices are quite effective and simple.
Before you make a home water filter of this type, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:
The step-by-step production of such a cleaning system looks like this.
The water purification system is a necessary thing in everyday life. After boiling, water does not get rid of all contaminants, it remains hazardous to health. Each person cannot afford to buy a filter, prices sometimes “bite”. You should not despair. You can make a water filter with your own hands, it will turn out to be no worse in efficiency than store units.
Advantages of handmade filters:
There is only one drawback of the structures - they do not remove bacteria and microbes from the water. It turns out that the liquid will carry a danger to human health. After filtering water through such a device, it must be boiled.
Every person wants to use high-quality, tasty, healthy water. If it is not possible to purchase a cleaning structure, you can make it yourself. Such a filter will perfectly cope with impurities of rust, sand, make the water “softer”, get rid of pathogenic bacteria.
For the "recipe" of the simplest design, you need to prepare:
Initially, charcoal is "activated". It is crushed in such a way that the diameter is no more than 5 mm. Next, the product is poured into a saucepan, poured with cold water. Coal is brought to a boil (boil for 5-7 minutes). Water is drained, the product is left in the container until it cools completely. To make a water filter with your own hands, you need an amount of charcoal that will cover 30% of the capacity of the bottle.
System build process
The service life of a homemade water purification system is long. If over time the liquid has become unpleasant in taste, the filter is made anew. It is recommended to "update" it once every 30-40 days.
Having a well in the country, you need to take care of filtering the liquid. Pesticides, nitrates, and other harmful impurities seep through the ground. They get into the consumed water, then into the human body. Cleaning well systems are expensive; for a small cottage, it is more reliable to make a bottom water filter with your own hands.
Prepared for work:
A shield for the well is knocked together from the boards, wrapped in geotextile, then sinks to the very bottom. Large stones are also added there at the first stage. After that, you can proceed to the manufacture of the filter (reverse, direct).
If the bottom of the country well "sparkles" with soft clay, a direct filter is needed. First, a fraction of a larger diameter is laid, then a smaller one. It is necessary to adhere to the optimal thickness of each layer. The average is 15-20 cm. The minimum number of layers is 3. First, crushed stone is laid, then small pebbles, and lastly, thoroughly washed river sand.
For a country well with a sandy bottom, a reverse system is suitable. Initially, a small fraction is laid, then a larger one. It is necessary to adhere to the same layer rules as in the previous case.
Over time, the filter will become clogged with sand, clay particles, and other impurities. It needs to be updated annually. The sand is replaced, the stones are well washed, then laid back.
How to make a do-it-yourself water filter for a well? The device of the cleaning system is simpler than it might seem.
The following materials and tools are being prepared:
Important! The length of the pipe is calculated individually based on the depth of the well. The diameter is taken less than the diameter of the well.
How to make a water filter: process description
Passing through the mesh, small particles of dirt and sand will linger. Impurities of larger diameter settle in the sump. The water that has passed such filtration must be additionally boiled before use, since the purification system does not remove harmful substances (microbes, bacteria).
It often happens that during a trip a person is sorely lacking drinking water. There is no well, especially a grocery store nearby. It is much easier to find a natural reservoir. The liquid in it is dirty, not suitable for drinking. A homemade water filter is a real salvation. You can easily make it from improvised materials.
Activated charcoal, cotton wool, bandage are always taken on a hike. There is also a plastic regular bottle.
If you don’t have a first aid kit with you, don’t despair. To make a water filter, you can use:
Initially, holes are made in the lid (2-3 large), a piece of fabric is placed in it, previously folded 3-4 times. Now the bottom of the bottle is cut off, the cap is screwed into place. Alternately, the resulting containers are filled with moss, then with coal. The more such layers there are, the cleaner the water will be at the exit. The last layer is definitely moss.
A homemade water filter on a hike is an indispensable thing. It must be remembered that the cleaning system removes only turbidity, large particles of dirt from the liquid. Pathogenic microbes, dangerous bacteria will remain in the composition of the water. If it is possible to boil additional liquid, this is very good.
Filters for water purification in houses, in the country are sometimes inaccessible at a cost to a person. If there is a desire, it is not difficult to make a system on your own. The main thing is to clearly follow the sequence, use the “right” materials.
Water purification is required not only when using plumbing, but also when taking fluid from other sources. It could be a well, a river or a lake. In such water, inclusions are often found that are not useful to humans. In addition to mechanical suspension, which makes the water cloudy, but usually harmless, there are also more dangerous components. Among them are bacteria, dissolved salts, including nitrates, heavy metals and much more. To use such water, it must be purified. However, most modern filters are designed for the presence of a water supply with a certain water pressure. In a dacha or outdoor recreation, plumbing is not always the case. In this case, filter jugs or homemade devices are suitable. Let's take a closer look at how to make a water filter with your own hands.
Rice. 1 Do-it-yourself camping water filter device
To assemble a homemade water filter, you need to pick up two main parts. Container for laying the filter material and a container for collecting purified water.
A plastic bottle is suitable for laying the filter material. Its volume is selected depending on the required performance. The best options would be five, ten or twenty liters.
The bottom of such a bottle is cut off, holes are made in the cork or a mesh is installed instead. Filler is placed inside the bottle.
Such a filter is fixed above a bucket or tank to collect water. It is convenient to use a container with a lid in which a hole is made for the neck of the bottle. Such an installation can effectively purify quite large volumes of water.
Rice. 2 The easiest filter made from a plastic bottle The principle of operation of any filter is simple. Water passes through the filter material, which traps contaminants. There are several options for filter media. For homemade filters, it is convenient to use the following:
Rice. 3 Silica sand for filters 
Rice. 4 Coal - a filler that effectively purifies water Charcoal is the optimal filter material. It is efficient and affordable. If necessary, the filler can always be made independently by calcining hardwood logs in a metal container. Those coals that remain in a fire or stove are also suitable. Their size should not exceed three centimeters and be at least one centimeter.
The cooled coal is wrapped in gauze and placed in a container in which water will be filtered. This filter option is easy to make in field conditions.
For home use, for example, in a country house or in a private house, a more complex design can be made. It is better to choose a large container, the volume of which is at least twenty liters. A hole is cut from below, used to install the crane. To prevent the tap from leaking, a sealant is used and all seams are carefully glued.
Rice. 5 In-line carbon filter A smaller container with a laid filter material is installed in the neck. For this purpose, a container of ten liters or less is suitable.
The filter material is placed in a homemade cartridge. For him, they take a piece of plastic pipe, which is suitable for the necks of the vessels with a diameter. Usually plastic bottles are used. Coal wrapped in gauze is tightly packed into the pipe. The resulting filter element is installed at the junction of two containers. Water should not seep past it, but only through the coal.
There may be charcoal in the first portion of the filtered water. There is nothing wrong with this. The first water is drained, and in the future only pure liquid will pass.
Self-made filters have a number of positive characteristics and some negative points. These devices are convenient and functional. They are made from improvised materials, so the cost is minimal. You can get by with virtually no cost. The efficiency of homemade filters is high, and due to the large volume of filter material, they are productive.
However, we should not forget that a self-made filter in terms of technical characteristics and durability will be somewhat worse than factory-made models. They are more reliable and last much longer.
Rice. 6 Homemade water filters The disadvantages of homemade filtering devices are the following features.
A homemade filter is a convenient solution, but only for temporary use. For permanent use, it is better to choose a factory-made device that is optimal in terms of characteristics.
