Irina Kulichkova, Maria Kovaleva, Svetlana Konopelko
the name of the project: "The development of a plant from a seed"
Project Manager: Zarembo Marina Nikolaevna
Objective of the project: watch how new plants grow from seeds.
Project objectives:
Select project participants
Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
· Individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each project participant.
Self-sprout the selected plant from the seed
Record your observations in a diary
· Make conclusions on this project
Activities:
· search engine- work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
· creative- development of interest and broadening the horizons of students
· research– observation of grown plants
Object of study: mandarin, tomato
Subject of study: plant growth conditions
Practical output of the project: creation of a collective project
Vyshnevolotsky district
MOBU "Krasnomaiskaya secondary school"
Project
year 2012
the name of the project: "The development of a plant from a seed"
Project Manager: Zarembo Marina Nikolaevna
Objective of the project : watch how new plants grow from seeds.
Project objectives:
Activities:
Object of study:mandarin, tomato
Subject of study:plant growth conditions
Practical output of the project:creation of a collective project
Project implementation timeline: December 23, 2011 - February 21, 2012
Relevance
The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it. At the lessons of the "World around" we got acquainted with plant growing, with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development.
Hypothesis
Among the wide variety of plants, there are those that are not so demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions. Therefore, we suggested that both mandarin and tomato seeds can be germinated at home.
Project Implementation Plan
Expected results
It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.
Grade 4 students will show interest and take an active part in finding materials about plants in order to further design the project.
The implementation of the project will help to solve the problems of educating children in an active life position, forming a sense of responsibility.
Project implementation
"Development of a plant from a seed"
The project, which was implemented from December 23, 2011 to February 21, 2012, can be described as research. The project involved 3 students of the 4th grade.
Kovaleva Maria | Kulichkova Irina |
Konopelko Svetlana | Project Manager: Zarembo Marina Nikolaevna |
Stages of project implementation:
At the first stage the topic of the project was chosen, after discussing the situation, a hypothesis was identified, project participants were selected.
At the second stage the independent work of the project participants on their individual tasks was carried out. To search for the necessary information, Internet resources and the library fund were used.
At the third stage the results of their observations are presented in the form of observation diaries. The project participants shared their observations with the class.
Diary of observations of Kovaleva Maria:
I took a dish, a bandage and a tangerine seed. She poured water into a dish and a drop on the bandage. She wrapped the seed in a bandage and put it in a saucer. 30.12.2011 |
|
I bought earth and poured it into a pot. Then she poured water on the ground and made depressions of 1 cm. After that, she planted seeds there. 31.12.2011 |
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The next day after the last watering, the seed sprouted, but it is still very small, and the second, unfortunately, broke. 7.01.2012 |
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The sprout has grown and it is time to water it again. 21.01.2012 |
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The sprout has grown now it is 8 cm high, and the leaf width is 4 cm!!! 10.02.2012 |
Diary of observations of Kulichkova Irina:
I took tangerine seeds and put them in cheesecloth. Then I took a saucer and put gauze with seeds in it, filled it with water. |
|
Two days have passed. I took the soil and poured it into a pot. Then she watered the soil and made 1 cm deepenings in it, planted two seeds there. |
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Exactly three weeks and four days have passed. Two small sprouts hatched in my pot. |
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Now my two sprouts are 5 cm tall and they have small leaves. The sprouts grow and turn green every day, and I am very happy about this. |
Diary of observations Konopelko Svetlana:
I put 4 tomato seeds in a saucer, covered with wet gauze. 24.12.2011 |
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I kept the seeds in gauze for one day, and then planted them in the soil. In a small pot, I made 4 holes of 1 cm each, placed seeds in them and watered. 25.12.2011 |
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A week later, after watering, a small sprout appeared. 2.01.2012 |
|
After the sprouts sprouted, I put them on the windowsill, closer to the light. I carefully monitored soil moisture and lighting. They grew 5 cm long. 01/20/2012 |
|
Every day their length increases. These sprouts can later be planted in the ground in my country house, and then harvested from them. 20.02.2012 |
On the final stagethe focus was on the collective analysis of past cases and the creation of a project.
Project results
Our research has proven that plants such as mandarin or tomato are not as demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions.
Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution
secondary school №14
p. Sinegorsky
Project
Project Manager Lavochnikova G.N.
year 2013
the name of the project : "The development of a plant from a seed"
Project Manager : Lavochnikova Galina Nikolaevna
Objective of the project : to follow how new plants grow from seeds, to find out by experience what conditions are necessary for seed germination.
Project objectives:
Select project participants
Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
Individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each project participant.
Self-sprout the selected plant from the seed
Record your observations in a diary
draw conclusions about this project.
Activities:
search engine - work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
creative - development of interest and broadening the horizons of students
research – observation of grown plants
Object of study: cucumber seeds, millet, beans, wheat.
Subject of study: plant growth conditions
Practical output of the project: creation of a collective project
Project implementation timeline : October 9, 2013 - October 2013
Relevance
The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it. At the lessons of the "World around" we got acquainted with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development.
Hypothesis
Among a wide variety of plants, all seeds need the same conditions for germination. Therefore, we assumed that the seeds of cucumber, millet, wheat, beans can be germinated at home.
Project Implementation Plan
Specify the conditions for plant growth.
Germinate the seeds and place them in the soil.
Watch the development of sprouts.
Monitor compliance with the conditions.
Keep an observation diary.
Get the end result.
Make a conclusion.
Expected results
It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.
Students of class 3 "B" will show interest and take an active part in the search for materials about plants in order to further design the project.
The implementation of the project will help to solve the problems of educating children in an active life position, forming a sense of responsibility.
Project implementation
"Development of a plant from a seed"
A project that was carried out withOctober 9, 2013 to October 21, 2013of the yearcan be described as exploratory. The project involved the following 3rd grade students.
Shilyakina Daria
Zakharenko Maxim
Bondareva Alina
Project Manager :
Lavochnikova Galina Nikolaevna
E project implementation steps :
project introduction (October 9, 2013)
individual work in the project (October 9, 2013 - October 20, 2013)
registration and presentation of observations in the form of observation diaries (October 21, 2013)
creation of a collective project (October 22, 2013)
On thefirst stage the topic of the project was chosen, after discussing the situation, a hypothesis was identified, project participants were selected.
On thesecond stage carried out withindependent work of project participants on their individual tasks. To search for the necessary information, Internet resources and the library fund were used.
On thethird stage the results of their observations are presented in the form of observation diaries. The project participants shared their observations with the class.
Observation diary of Darya Shilyakina:
I took a dish, bandage and wheat seeds. She poured water into a dish and a drop on the bandage. She wrapped the seed in a bandage and put it in a saucer.
9.10.2013
I bought earth and poured it into a pot. Then she poured water on the ground and made depressions of 1 cm. After that, she planted seeds there.
11.10.2013
The next day after the last watering, the seeds sprouted, but they are still very small. 10/15/2013
The sprouts have grown and it is time to water them again. Now they are 8 cm high!!!
20.10.2013
Alina Bondareva's diary of observations:
I took the bean seeds and put them on the cheesecloth. Then I took a saucer and put a disk with seeds there, closed it with a second disk and filled it with water.
Two days have passed. I saw that the seeds were swollen. And after 2 days, the roots appeared.
It's been exactly a week. Small sprouts sprouted in my pot.
Now my sprouts are 5 cm tall and they have small leaves. The sprouts grow and turn green every day, and I am very happy about this.
Observation diary of Maxim Zakharenko:
I put 4 cucumber seeds in a saucer, covered with wet gauze.
I kept the seeds in gauze for three days, and then planted them in the soil. In a small pot, I made 4 1cm holes, placed seeds in them and watered.
A week later, after watering, a small sprout appeared.
After the sprouts sprouted, I put them on the windowsill, closer to the light. I carefully monitored soil moisture and lighting. They grew to 5 cm long.
Every day their length increases. These sprouts can later be planted in the ground in my country house, and then harvested from them.
On thefinal stage the focus was on the collective analysis of past cases and the creation of a project.
Project results
Our research has proven that plants such as beans, cucumber, wheat can grow in artificial conditions. For the germination of seeds of different plants, the same conditions are necessary: moisture, heat, air.
Sources
Literature:
Vegetable grower's desk book: reference book / E.S. Karataev, B. G. Rusanov, A. V. Beshanov et al., Comp. E.S. Karataev. Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1990.
"The world around" textbook, grade 3, program "Primary school of the 21st century", 2013
Growth and development are one of the main properties of living organisms, including plants. For each systematic group, these processes have their own characteristics. From our article you will learn about the types of growth and development cycles of plants. What do these concepts mean? Let's figure it out together.
These two biological processes are closely related. The growth and development of plants are the changes that occur to them. What is their difference? Growth is the quantitative increase in the whole living organism or its individual parts. This process takes place throughout life. This type of growth is called unlimited. Plant development is a qualitative change. Over time, the complexity of the structure of organisms occurs. In a multicellular organism, this occurs through differentiation, which manifests itself in an increase in the diversity of organelles.
Growth processes are closely interrelated. The fact is that some stages of the cycles of plant development and the accompanying vital processes can occur only at certain sizes of organs.
During sexual reproduction, a new organism develops from a zygote - a fertilized egg. This structure is not specialized. It divides repeatedly to form new cells called blastomeres. Initially, they have the same structure. But when the number of blastomeres reaches 32, their structure begins to change depending on the location.
The growth and development of plants are not determined just the size of the body. These processes are regulated by special chemicals - phytohormones. Depending on the composition and structure, they can have a different effect on plants. For example, abscisins contribute to the beginning of leaf fall, auxins stimulate the growth of the root system. Under the influence of cytokinins, cells begin to divide, and the appearance of flowers is associated with the release of gibberellins.
Plants do not have special organs that secrete phytohormones. It's just that some of them are more saturated with substances compared to others. Thus, a high concentration of cytokinins is observed in roots and seeds, and gibberellins in leaves. But the influence of hormones is the same for all parts of the organs. Synthesized in one of them, they are transported to others.
Growth and, consequently, the development of plants are provided activity of the educational tissue, or meristem. Its cells have a polygonal shape, a large nucleus, numerous pores in the membrane and ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Depending on the origin, general and special educational tissues are distinguished. The first develop from the germ of the seed. Their cells are constantly dividing and give rise to apical or apical meristems. And already from it the epidermis, parenchyma and procambium develop.
In addition to the apical, depending on the location of the meristem, there are lateral (lateral), marginal (marginal) and intercalary. The latter provide intercalary growth. During cell division of the intercalary educational tissue, the internodes of the stem are elongated and the petioles of the leaves develop.
Every plant organism, like all living things, is born, grows and dies. This development is called individual. It has several phases:
In representatives of different systematic units, the duration of the stages of plant development differs significantly. For example, sequoia lives 3 thousand years, and milk vetch - 3 years.
The historical development of plants is connected with the evolutionary processes taking place on the planet. The first plants that appeared on Earth were algae. Over time, the climate has changed significantly. The result of this was the "exit" of plants to land. This is how the higher spore plants appeared - mosses, club mosses, horsetails and ferns. They gave rise to modern seed plants.
In perennial plants, growth occurs rhythmically. This is due to seasonal changes in nature. In winter or during drought, the plants are dormant. This applies not only to deciduous species, but also to evergreens. The development of flowering plants begins with the germination of the seed, which can be dormant even for several years. Their development is associated with the onset of favorable conditions. Seeds need moisture, heat, and air to germinate. First, it absorbs water and swells. Next, a root begins to appear, which fixes the future plant in the soil. Then the shoot grows. The required amount of heat and moisture depends on the type of plant. For example, carrot seeds germinate at 5 degrees, and cucumbers and tomatoes - at 15 degrees. Winter species require negative temperatures.
Spore plants are characterized by repetition of stages of development. Consider this process on the example of mosses. In the life cycle of plant development in this department, the gametophyte - the sexual generation - predominates. It is represented by a green leafy plant, which is attached to the substrate with the help of rhizoids. Over time, a sporophyte develops on the gametophyte. It consists of a box with spores on a stem. Such a structure is short-lived and exists only during the growing season. This is the name of the season favorable for the growth and development of plants.
When the spores mature, they spill out into the soil. They develop into a gametophyte. On it, gametangia with germ cells are formed. Further, with the help of water, fertilization occurs, the result of which is a sporophyte. The cycle of development is repeated again.
Thus, growth and development are interrelated processes. They are characteristic of all living organisms. Growth is called quantitative changes, which are manifested in an increase in the size and volume of the plant as a whole and its individual parts. Development refers to qualitative changes. This property is manifested in the specialization and differentiation of cellular structures.
At the dawn of human history, the spring awakening of life in a germinating seed should have attracted the attention of our distant ancestor, and, undoubtedly, was perceived by him as a miracle.
From casual observations of the germination of seeds, primitive man moved on to their conscious sowing, which for many centuries was performed as a religious rite. Thus, for example, religious legends and myths associated with the sowing and germination of seeds served the priests of a slave-owning society as a means of forcing the population to work in the fields, where this work was carried out under the guise of serving a deity.
I was interested in the topic of the development of plants from seeds. I was interested to know whether a plant from a seed will germinate in the same way or not under any conditions, how the absence of light or water affects the growth of a plant, how development occurs if the plant is exposed to harmful radiation. I decided to conduct a study and identify the most suitable conditions for the growth and development of a plant at home. For the experiment, I took bean seeds.
Relevance of the topic: Growing flowers and other plants in their apartments, a person not only decorates his home. Plants are a source of oxygen, nutrients, energy, and have the properties of a medicine. As a result of the activity of plants, the air in cities is cleaned of gases, dust, and soot. Plant development is becoming increasingly dependent on environmental factors that change soil properties, plant growth and quality. Modern man cannot imagine his life without electromagnetic devices. Therefore, the identification of the most favorable conditions for plant growth today is relevant and useful.
The purpose of the study: experimentally compare the various conditions for the development of a plant from a seed, depending on environmental factors (light, heat, humidity, radiation) and identify the most favorable.
Having studied the literature on this topic, I found out that each seed resembles a small bag in which the future plant is packed. The seed contains not only the new plant, but also all the substances necessary for its nutrition.
The tiny sprout that is in the seed is called the germ, or embryo. A stem and leaves grow from its upper part. A process departs from the rest of the embryo, from which a root then develops. Seeds germinate under favorable conditions. Seeds of different plant species require different conditions for germination, but certain conditions are necessary for all seeds without exception. These conditions are warmth, sufficient moisture, oxygen and sunlight. Under these conditions, the supply of nutrients begins to nourish the embryo. The embryo grows, the root and shoot systems are formed - having broken the seed peel, they go outside. Now they can be planted in the soil and, very importantly, placed at the same time less often so that young plants can grow freely. Soon a young plant appears, which gradually becomes similar to the parent plant.
Beans are a widespread plant in the legume family. The stem is highly branched, covered with short hairs, has the ability to curl, but in the absence of support, the plant spreads along the soil, the leaves are alternate, have a long petiole, and are equipped with small stipules; moth-type flowers, collected in a rare axillary raceme, are white, pinkish or purple. The fruit is a bean, cylindrically straight or somewhat curved, the color of bean beans can be very different: from white and pink to brown and dark purple.
II STAGE. Survey of gardeners.
The second stage was aimed at exploring the various opinions of amateur gardeners about the conditions in which seedlings should be kept in order to successfully grow and mature.
My grandmothers are amateur gardeners. Each time in the spring, they begin to plant different seeds, wait until the plant is ready for planting in the garden. Each grandmother has her own place in the apartment, where, in her opinion, the best conditions for the development of plants and her own method of planting, loosening and watering. One grandmother has this place - a window sill on the sunny side with rare watering. The second grandmother places pots with sprouts on the floor near the radiator, where the light is less bright and she waters the sprouts more often.
So what are the best conditions? It is impossible to understand this between two people, you need to take a third gardener, who will be my grandmother's neighbor in the garden, aunt Natasha.
Aunt Natasha has her own excellent view on growing seedlings. She puts the seedlings in places that depend on the day from the moment of planting. The first 5 days - the seedlings stand in a dark, warm place and frequent watering. The following days, the seedlings stand in a bright, cool place with more rare watering.
Thus, the opinion of Aunt Natasha united the opinion of the two grandmothers. This can only mean one thing - that there is no consensus on the method and place of growing plants. Suitable conditions can only be determined experimentally.
STAGE III. CONDITION-Analysis.
It is used to identify strengths and weaknesses in opportunities (B) and threats (U).
Light warm place Light, in the field of electromagnetic Warm dark place. Warm dark place, limited radiation (at the computer). watering.
6. Day 11 Sprouts appeared.
3 Planted seeds in 4 pots. I watered all the planted seeds.
Light warm place Light, in the area Warm dark place. Warm dark place, electromagnetic radiation (for limited watering.
computer).
9. 11 day watering watering watering
10. 11 day Sprouts appeared.
11. 11 day watering watering Sprouts appeared. watering watering
12. 11 day Sprouts appeared Sprouts appeared.
13. 11 day watering watering watering
16. 11 day watering watering watering watering
17. Day 11 Thick stems, large Thick stems, small leaves, Thick stem, leaves Thick stem, leaves
14 leaves, green color light green color practically absent, absent, pale color
3 plants 3 plants pale 2 plants
16:12:15cm 30:28:28cm 1 plant length 18:20cm
Length 14 cm.
19. 11 day 16 watering watering watering
20. 11 day 17 watering
22. 11 day 19 watering watering watering
25. 11 day 22 watering watering watering watering
28. 11. day Green thick stems, Light green color, The thickness of the stem has not changed, Stems are sluggish, lie,
25 large leaves in the amount of 9 leaves, 2-4 cm in size, pale color, 2 leaves long, no leaves.
24 pieces size 33:30:30 2 cm No more torment 4 to 8 cm plant height plant
34:32:34 30 cm
1. 12. day watering watering watering
4. 12. day watering watering watering
8. 12. day Plants have a lush crown, Leaves and stems are almost dry, The plant has not grown 30 cm.
33 the color is saturated green, the appearance has become thin, the plants are almost leaflets and have not turned around.
healthy. lie. The plant has a thin pale,
Many small new leaves, the experiment is over. slightly flaccid stem and leaves.
the stems begin to intertwine. 3 new leaves appeared, but they are very small
(3 mm) and almost white.
13. 12. All plants feel great on day 38. Have grown. They have a healthy appearance and color.
V STAGE. Final.
The experiments carried out prove that it is really necessary for the development of a plant to create favorable conditions for it.
1. All the bean sprouts appeared at the same time - so I properly soaked the seeds in a well-moistened gauze. Seeds need not only water, but also oxygen; if the seeds are drowned in water, then it prevents the embryos from breathing, and the embryos can “suffocate”.
2. Shoots appear fastest in the dark. Therefore, until the first shoots appear, it is better to keep pots with germinated seeds in a dark place.
3. A plant needs light, moisture and heat for full development. The plant in pot #4, which grew in a dark, warm place with limited water, was the first to die. Despite the fact that at first it grew and developed even better than plants in pot No. 1. The plant died two weeks after emergence.
4. During the whole month, plants developed in a pot No. 3. But the pale color, lack of leaves, lethargy, unhealthy appearance indicate that light is a necessary condition for the good development of plants.
5. The life of plants in pot No. 2, standing in a bright place in the field of electromagnetic radiation, shows that radiation has a detrimental effect on plants. Bean sprouts appeared first, the plants grew rapidly, but soon growth and development ceased. It turns out that radiation is more dangerous for plants than the absence of light.
6. For the full growth and development of plants, oxygen, light, heat, moisture, and the absence of harmful radiation are necessary.
year 2014
the name of the project: "The development of a plant from a seed"
Project Manager: Vyzhelevskaya Alla Petrovna
Objective of the project : watch how new plants grow from seeds.
Project objectives:
Activities:
Object of study:mandarin, tomato
Subject of study:plant growth conditions
Practical output of the project:creation of a collective project
Project implementation timeline: December 23, 2013 - February 21, 2014
Relevance
The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it. At the lessons of the "World around" we got acquainted with plant growing, with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development.
Hypothesis
Among the wide variety of plants, there are those that are not so demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions. Therefore, we suggested that both mandarin and tomato seeds can be germinated at home.
Project Implementation Plan
Expected results
It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.
Grade 4 students will show interest and take an active part in finding materials about plants in order to further design the project.
The implementation of the project will help to solve the problems of educating children in an active life position, forming a sense of responsibility.
Project implementation
"Development of a plant from a seed"
The project, which was implemented from December 23, 2011 to February 21, 2012, can be described as research. The project involved 3 students of the 4th grade.
Kovaleva Maria | Kulichkova Irina |
Konopelko Svetlana | Project Manager |
Stages of project implementation:
At the first stage the topic of the project was chosen, after discussing the situation, a hypothesis was identified, project participants were selected.
At the second stage the independent work of the project participants on their individual tasks was carried out. To search for the necessary information, Internet resources and the library fund were used.
At the third stage the results of their observations are presented in the form of observation diaries. The project participants shared their observations with the class.
Diary of observations of Kovaleva Maria:
I took a dish, a bandage and a tangerine seed. She poured water into a dish and a drop on the bandage. She wrapped the seed in a bandage and put it in a saucer. 30.12.2013 |
|
I bought earth and poured it into a pot. Then she poured water on the ground and made depressions of 1 cm. After that, she planted seeds there. 31.12.2014 |
|
The next day after the last watering, the seed sprouted, but it is still very small, and the second, unfortunately, broke. 7.01.2014 |
|
The sprout has grown and it is time to water it again. 21.01.2014 |
|
The sprout has grown now it is 8 cm high, and the leaf width is 4 cm!!! 10.02.2014 |
Diary of observations of Kulichkova Irina:
I took tangerine seeds and put them in cheesecloth. Then I took a saucer and put gauze with seeds in it, filled it with water. |
|
Two days have passed. I took the soil and poured it into a pot. Then she watered the soil and made 1 cm deepenings in it, planted two seeds there. |
|
Exactly three weeks and four days have passed. Two small sprouts hatched in my pot. |
|
Now my two sprouts are 5 cm tall and they have small leaves. The sprouts grow and turn green every day, and I am very happy about this. |
Diary of observations Konopelko Svetlana:
I put 4 tomato seeds in a saucer, covered with wet gauze. 24.12.2014 |
|
I kept the seeds in gauze for one day, and then planted them in the soil. In a small pot, I made 4 holes of 1 cm each, placed seeds in them and watered. 25.12.2014 |
|
A week later, after watering, a small sprout appeared. 2.01.2014 |
|
After the sprouts sprouted, I put them on the windowsill, closer to the light. I carefully monitored soil moisture and lighting. They grew 5 cm long. 01/20/2014 |
|
Every day their length increases. These sprouts can later be planted in the ground in my country house, and then harvested from them. 20.02.2014 |
On the final stagethe focus was on the collective analysis of past cases and the creation of a project.
Project results
Our research has proven that plants such as mandarin or tomato are not as demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions.
Sources
Literature:
