"Lord, my God, my God! Why is this me? Huh? Where is this? Why?" He glanced at the operative sitting next to him. "Ask? He won't tell. What did they find out? What? Maybe for gasoline? Just think, he sold a hundred liters. All cases. No, not for gasoline. For the seventh dispenser. For jam and that damned vodka. The very one that "He took him to Perovo. That's right. They figured it out. But he'll tell. He'll tell you everything. Whom he should cover! Pashka, the mug-faced bastard? He must have grabbed what money for that, and gave him a thousand and three bottles of vodka. And why does he need that thousand?" What are you going to do with that thousand these days? What can you buy? A pack of cigarettes from your hands is a hundred rubles. Or maybe not for Pashka? What if the neighbors dripped? They could. Especially this red-haired philologist, or what? A bookworm, an envious foul. It should have been write on him where he should be about German books. So sorry, he took pity on his children. Here will be science in the future. But what could he write? About food. Let them prove it. Comrade Pirozhkov gave them to him. They won’t touch him. Hands everywhere. Friends. What if he refuses? Pavel Yegorovich? Then how? Then I'll drown him. I'll tell you everything about his blond bitch and about the food. Is it the end? How well he lived, how he lived! Oh, what am I talking about! You have to keep quiet. Who am I? Chauffeur. Working class. What if the neighbor slandered? An intellectual, a bastard, he has German books and a German surname too. Grimfeld is his last name. He wants to annoy the proletariat. If Petka? Well, he drove, well, he gave me vodka, and I paid him money. Who saw? Nobody. Who will prove? Petka? Negotiates. Wants to confuse. And the fact that I didn’t give coupons for this vodka? Punish. Judge. What if they cancel? Let be. The war is over. As long as they teach. Look, that's all."
Kalinin walked past a policeman who looked sternly at him, and he felt completely unwell. His legs felt like they were made of cotton wool, his shoulders swelled with heaviness, as if he had sat at the steering wheel for two days without straightening, a lump rolled up in his throat, making it difficult to breathe. Not noticing anything, as in a dream, he went up to the second floor.
Sit down here. - The operative showed him to the bench. - Sit down and wait for the call.
Kalinin sank heavily into the hard wooden seat and fell silent, staring blankly along the corridor.
He met Nikitin at the office.
Comrade Lieutenant Colonel, the witness Kalinin has been delivered.
And over there on the bench. Steam releases.
What now?
Did you take care of your stuff?
What other things? - Nikitin asked incomprehensibly.
And why, took it a little to "understood - understood." And all things.
When I teach you that a witness is one thing, but... Well, we'll talk later. Bring it to me in five minutes.
Danilov entered the office, sat down at the table. The devil knows, this Nikitin, what a man! Of course, he will not teach him to love people, but he will force him to respect them. Let him at least outwardly behave decently, as befits a police officer.
There was a knock on the door.
Sign in.
Nikitin drew himself up on the threshold.
Driver Kalinin has been delivered by your order. May I introduce you, comrade lieutenant colonel?
Danilov looked at Kalinin and thought: he's got a great twist. The driver did not sit on a chair, but floated on it like a sourdough, limp and defenseless.
What is your last name?
Kalinin Vladimir Danilovich
Your car number?
mine, right? mine?
Yours, of course, but you calm down. - Danilov stood up and saw Kalinin's head twitch. "God," he thought, "you must be such a coward!" Ivan Aleksandrovich poured a glass of water from a decanter and handed it to the witness. - Have a drink and calm down.
Kalinin drank greedily, splashing water with trembling hands.
Well, have you calmed down?
I can, - he barely squeezed out.
Here you have the Criminal Code. Here is article ninety-five. Check it out. No, we can't do anything like that. Well, you got carried away! Control yourself, you are a man after all. Listen. Article ninety-five of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR reads:
"Knowingly false denunciation to the body of the judicial and investigative authority or others having the right to initiate criminal prosecution officials, as well as knowingly false testimony given by an expert witness or translator during an inquiry, investigation or trial in a case - imprisonment or corrective labor for up to three months.
Did you understand the meaning of the article?
Kalinin nodded his head again.
Wonderful. Please tell me the number of the car.
MT 51-50, the witness squeezed out.
It seemed to Danilov that it was not Kalinin who spoke. It was as if someone had inserted into this limp, out of control man a device that looked like a broken old phonograph with worn rollers. You press the button, the worn spring starts to turn the roller, and through the hiss and crackle something similar to a human voice is heard through the pipe.
Come to the table and look at this photo, - he did not say sharply - Danilov commanded. He knew from experience that toughness makes such people gather.
Kalinin stood up, glanced at Sudin's photograph, and nodded his head.
Do you know him?
Yes, - the wheeze and hiss were heard again.
Take it easy. And tell us how you met.
Who exactly?
This one, in the photo, and the colonel of aviation. They raised their hand. I stopped and took them.
First, to Zachatievsky, to this one, then to the Patriarch's Ponds, where they took a woman - and to the commercial restaurant "Grand Hotel".
I only saw him once after that. And that's all.
And the colonel? - Danilov tensed internally.
Him often.
Where were they taken?
In the "Grand Hotel" and at the Patriarch's, to this, then, a woman, she sings there.
Where, at the Patriarchs?
No, in a restaurant. An artist, that is.
Who is this colonel?
Is that what he told you?
Both me and the woman. He spoke in the car.
Where does he live?
Don't know. In the country. in Saltykovka. I took him there once.
Where exactly?
What is this woman's name?
The singer from the restaurant.
He called her Larisa.
Maritime Army I Formation It was created on July 20, 1941 on the basis of the directive of the Southern Front of July 18, 1941 on the basis of the Primorsky Group of Forces.
Initially, it included the 25th, 51st, 150th rifle divisions, the 265th corps artillery regiment, the 69th fighter aviation regiment and a number of units special forces. Waging heavy defensive battles with superior enemy forces, the army troops retreated in the direction of Odessa. By the directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command of August 5, 1941, they were ordered to defend the city to the last opportunity.
Until August 10, she created defenses on the outskirts of the city. All attempts by the 4th Romanian Army to capture Odessa were successfully repulsed on the move. From August 20, it was included in the Odessa defensive region, with the name "Separate" and directly subordinate to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. As of August 20, it had three rifle and cavalry divisions, two regiments marines and detachments of sailors of the Black Sea Fleet. army led fighting against 17 infantry divisions and 7 enemy brigades. On September 21, army troops stopped its advance 8-15 km from the city, tying down about 20 enemy divisions in cooperation with formations and units of the Black Sea Fleet for more than 2 months. In view of the threat of a breakthrough German troops Army Group "South" in the Donbass and the Crimea, the Headquarters of the Supreme Command decided to evacuate the troops of the Odessa defensive region, including the Primorsky Army, to the Crimea. This task was carried out by the Black Sea Fleet and the Primorsky Army in the period from 1 to 16 October 1941.
After concentrating in a new area, the army is subordinate to the command of the Crimean troops. In the second half of October, part of the forces took part in a defensive battle against the troops of the 11th German army and the Romanian corps, which broke into the steppe part of the Crimea. Waging heavy battles, army formations retreated to Sevastopol. On November 4, the Sevastopol defensive region was formed, which, remaining subordinate to the Crimean troops until November 19, included the Primorsky army. By this time, she was part of the 25th, 95th, 172nd and 421st rifle, 2nd, 40th and 42nd cavalry divisions, the 7th and 8th brigades of the marines, 81- th separate tank battalion and a number of other units took up defensive positions on the outskirts of Sevastopol.
From October 20, the Sevastopol defensive region was under the operational subordination of the Transcaucasian, from December 30 to the Caucasian, from January 28, 1942 to the Crimean Fronts, from April 26, under the direct subordination of the Commander-in-Chief of the North-Western Direction. On May 20, the Primorsky Army was included in the North Caucasian Front.
For 8 months, the army, in cooperation with other troops, heroically repelled numerous attacks by superior enemy forces, inflicted heavy damage on him and contributed to the disruption of plans to capture the Caucasus. On June 30, the enemy managed to break through to Sevastopol. A crisis situation arose for the Soviet troops.
On July 1, 1942, formations and units of the Primorsky Army, which suffered significant losses, began to evacuate to the Caucasus by order of the Supreme Command Headquarters. On July 7, the Primorsky Army was disbanded, its formations and units were transferred to other armies.
Maritime Army II Formation It was created on November 20, 1943 on the basis of the directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 46201 of November 15, 1943 on the basis of the field administration of the North Caucasian Front and the troops of the 56th Army.
It included the 11th Guards and 16th Rifle Corps, the 3rd Mountain Rifle Corps, the 89th Rifle Division, the 83rd and 89th Marine Rifle Brigades, tank, artillery, engineering, aviation formations and units. The army was directly subordinate to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command and was called the Separate Primorsky Army.
By November 20, the 11th Guards and 16th Rifle Corps were in the Kerch bridgehead, the rest of the army remained on the Taman Peninsula.
It was faced with the task of expanding the Kerch bridgehead, transporting all formations and units to it, and preparing an offensive operation in order to liberate the Crimea.
From the end of November 1943 to January 1944, the army troops carried out three private offensive operations, as a result of which they expanded the bridgehead and improved their operational position. From February to early April, they firmly held their lines, improved them in engineering terms and engaged in combat training.
In April - May, the army participated in the Crimean strategic operation. At its beginning, it defeated the rearguards of the enemy north of Kerch. Then, in cooperation with the ships and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet and with the support of the 4th Air Army, on April 11, she liberated Kerch. The next day, her troops captured the Ak-Monai positions - the last fortified line of defense of the enemy on the Kerch Peninsula. Successfully developing the offensive, on April 13, army formations liberated Feodosia and, with the assistance of the Crimean partisans, Stary Krym and Karasubazar (Belogorsk). Continuing to pursue the enemy, she liberated Sudak (April 14), in cooperation with the troops of the 4th Ukrainian front and with the assistance of the Crimean partisans - Alushta (April 15), Alupka and Yalta (April 16). By the end of April 16, it reached the fortified positions of the enemy near Sevastopol.
On April 18, 1945, on the basis of the directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 220078 of April 15, 1944, it was included in the 4th Ukrainian Front and renamed the Primorsky Army. Until May 7, its troops were preparing to storm the enemy's Sevastopol fortified area. On May 9, after two days of fierce fighting, army formations, in cooperation with the troops of the 2nd Guards and 51st armies, as well as the Black Sea Fleet, liberated Sevastopol. The main forces of the army developed the offensive in the direction of Cape Khersones, where the enemy concentrated the most staunch units from the remnants of the German divisions and all available artillery. By 12 o'clock on May 12, Chersonese was cleared of the enemy by army troops in cooperation with the 19th Panzer Corps.
On May 20, 1944, by the directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 220098 of May 16, 1944, it was withdrawn from the 4th Ukrainian Front and again renamed into the Separate Primorsky Army with direct subordination to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Until the end of the war, she defended the coast of Crimea.
In late July - early August 1945, the field administration of the Separate Primorsky Army was reorganized into the administration of the Tauride Military District.
OPA - PG consisting of: 227th Rifle Division (Colonel Preobrazhensky Georgy Nikolaevich, he is also the commander of the PG), part of the forces of 339th Rifle Division (Colonel Vasilenko Gavriil Tarasovich), part of the forces of 383rd Rifle Division (Major General Gorbachev Veniamin Yakovlevich), 257th Det. tp (lieutenant colonel Andrey Spiridonovich Soichenkov); 244th division tp (lieutenant colonel Malyshev Mikhail Georgievich); 29 dept. Minbr (Colonel Popov Mikhail Nikolaevich).
Maritime army(Separate Maritime Army, OPrimor.A) - a separate combined arms army of the Red Army consisting of Armed Forces USSR during the Great Patriotic War.
The Primorsky Army of the first formation was created on July 20, 1941 on the basis of the directive of the Southern Front of July 18, 1941 on the basis of the Primorsky Group of Forces.
At the beginning of the war, the army fought heavy battles, retreating towards Odessa. On August 5, 1941, she received an order to defend the city to the last opportunity.
Until August 10, the army had established defenses on the outskirts of the city. Attempts to capture Odessa by the 4th Romanian army were repulsed.
From August 20, it was included in the Odessa defensive region, received the name "Separate" and became directly subordinate to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. As of August 20, it consisted of three rifle and cavalry divisions, two regiments of marines and detachments of sailors of the Black Sea Fleet. The coastal army was opposed by 17 infantry divisions and 7 enemy brigades.
On September 21, army troops stopped the German offensive 8-15 km from the city. For more than two months they pinned down about 20 enemy divisions. Because of the threat of a breakthrough by the German troops of the Army Group "South" to the Donbass and the Crimea, it was decided to evacuate the troops of the Odessa defensive region, including the Primorsky Army, to the Crimea. This task was carried out by the Black Sea Fleet and the Primorsky Army in the period from 1 to 16 October 1941.
After the evacuation, the army became subordinate to the command of the Crimean troops. In the second half of October, part of the troops took part in a defensive battle against the troops of the 11th German army and the Romanian corps, which broke through into the steppe part of the Crimea. The formations of the army retreated to Sevastopol, waging heavy battles. On November 4, the Sevastopol defensive region was formed, which, remaining subordinate to the Crimean troops until November 19, included the Primorsky army. By this time, she, as part of the 25th, 95th, 172nd and 421st rifle, 2nd, 40th and 42nd cavalry divisions, the 7th and 8th brigades of the marines, the 81st separate tank battalion and a number of other units, took up defense on the outskirts of Sevastopol.
From October 20, the Sevastopol defensive region was under the operational subordination of the Transcaucasian, from December 30 to the Caucasian, from January 28, 1942 to the Crimean Fronts, from April 26, under the direct subordination of the Commander-in-Chief of the North-Western Direction. On May 20, the Primorsky Army was included in the North Caucasian Front.
For 8 months, the army, together with other troops, repeatedly repelled the attacks of superior enemy forces, inflicted heavy damage on him and contributed to the disruption of plans to capture the Caucasus. On June 30, the enemy managed to break through to Sevastopol. A crisis situation arose for the Soviet troops.
After the evacuation on July 1 of the army commander, General I.E. Petrov and the highest command and political staff, the army practically stopped organized resistance. The main part of the army was killed or captured.
Troop commanders:
Members of the Military Council:
Chiefs of Staff:
The coastal army of the second formation was created on November 20, 1943 on the basis of the directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command of November 15, 1943 on the basis of the field administration of the North Caucasian Front and the troops of the 56th Army. The army was directly subordinate to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command and was called the Separate Primorsky Army.
By November 20, the 11th Guards and 16th Rifle Corps were in the Kerch bridgehead, the rest of the army remained on the Taman Peninsula.
The army was given the task of expanding the Kerch bridgehead, transferring all formations and units to it, and preparing an offensive operation in order to liberate the Crimea.
From the end of November 1943 to January 1944, the army troops carried out three private offensive operations (including a landing on Cape Tarkhan, as a result of which they expanded the bridgehead and improved their operational position. From February to early April, they firmly held the occupied lines, improved them in engineering and engaged in combat training.
In April-May, the Primorsky Army participated in the Crimean strategic operation. At its beginning, the army defeated the enemy's rearguards north of Kerch. On April 11, together with the ships and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet and with the support of the 4th Air Army, Kerch was liberated. The next day, her troops captured the Ak-Monai positions - the last fortified line of defense of the German army on the Kerch Peninsula. On April 13, army formations liberated Feodosia and, with the assistance of Crimean partisans, Stary Krym and Karasubazar (Belogorsk). Continuing to pursue the enemy, she liberated Sudak (April 14), in cooperation with the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front and with the assistance of the Crimean partisans - Alushta (April 15), Alupka and Yalta (April 16). By the end of April 16, she reached the fortified positions of the Germans near Sevastopol.
On April 18, it was included in the 4th Ukrainian Front and renamed the Primorsky Army. Until May 7, its troops were preparing to storm the enemy's Sevastopol fortified area. On May 9, after two days of fierce fighting, the formations of the army, in cooperation with the troops of the 2nd Guards and 51st armies, as well as the Black Sea Fleet, liberated Sevastopol. The main forces of the army developed the offensive in the direction of Cape Khersones, where the enemy concentrated the most staunch units from the remnants of the German divisions and all available artillery. By 12 o'clock on May 12, Chersonese was cleared of the enemy by army troops in cooperation with the 19th Panzer Corps.
On May 20, the Primorsky Army was withdrawn from the 4th Ukrainian Front and was again renamed the Separate Primorsky Army with direct subordination to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Until the end of the war, she defended the coast of Crimea.
In late July-early August 1945, the field administration of the Separate Primorsky Army was reorganized into the administration of the Tauride Military District.
Troop commanders:
Members of the Military Council:
Chiefs of Staff:
At the Black Sea strongholds. Separate Primorsky Army in the defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Memoirs Sakharov V.P.
Military Council of Primorskaya
This is where I equipped the command post of the army, - said Lieutenant General Chibisov, leading me to some kind of shabby, squat building that looked like an old stone shed. - It's nothing that the view is unsightly, it's even better. Neither from the air nor from the ground will not attract attention. Do you know what was here before the revolution? The famous brandy factory Shustov ... Under the ground - three more floors. There is water supply and sewerage, ventilation has been adjusted. It will also have its own power plant.
Listening to the explanations of my companion, I thought that Nikandr Evlampievich Chibisov was an excellent organizer and very economic man V best sense this word. He, the commander of the Odessa Military District, had to "concurrently" temporarily - until the arrival of another commander - head the Primorsky Army, which was being created on the left flank of the Southern Front. And General Chibisov managed to do short term a lot of things.
Our meeting with him took place in Odessa on July 30, 1941. Five days earlier, I, then the head of the political department of the Southern Front, learned from the front commander I. V. Tyulenev and a member of the Military Council A. I. Zaporozhets that the Headquarters had instructed to prepare Odessa, a city of strategic importance, for independent defense.
There, as you know, the Primorsky Army is already being formed, - Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev said. - The Commander will be appointed by the Headquarters.
I will do my best to justify the trust, - I answered.
Regimental Commissar L.P. Bocharov was appointed head of the political department of the Primorsky Army. Together with him we arrived in Odessa.
Introducing me to the situation and bringing me up to date, Lieutenant General Chibisov shared his thoughts on why the high command pays special attention to Odessa:
First, while in Odessa, our troops will hang over the flank of the Nazi army, threatening its rear. And secondly, the Headquarters, of course, proceeds from the fact that when the army is fully mobilized and the industry provides it with everything necessary to defeat the enemy, our Armed Forces will go over to the counteroffensive. Then our troops in Odessa will be able to greatly help those who attack from the east. And, finally, Odessa is a port, a large naval base. It is necessary that our fleet use it, and not the enemy ...
The coastal army was subordinated to the Tiraspol fortified region, the Danube flotilla (which had already withdrawn from the Danube by that time) and the Odessa naval base.
The main attention, - said Nikandr Evlampievich Chibisov, - I focused on the construction of defensive structures, on the approaches to Odessa and in the city itself. In this matter, Arkady Fedorovich Khrenov, head of the engineering troops of the front, strongly helps us.
And is he still here?
Here! And all the time on the construction of defensive lines. Now, I think, we will go there with you.
Even at the front headquarters, I heard that Major General of the Engineering Troops Khrenov, who had gone to Odessa on a business trip, did not want to return in any way - he reported that he had absolutely urgent business here. So he remained in Odessa (later in the position of deputy commander of the defensive area).
On the same day, we visited the defensive lines being created. Work was going on there. full swing. Anti-tank ditches were dug in the steppe, trenches were dug. Preparations for defense were already noticeable in the city itself. At the outskirts, anti-tank obstacles and barricades were erected. Residents of the city worked together with the fighters of the engineering battalions. Odessa was preparing to become part of the front, rose to fight against the hated enemy.
The next day, July 31, Lieutenant General G.P. Sofronov arrived, appointed commander of the Primorsky Army. Georgy Pavlovich and I met then for the first time and immediately began to work very amicably. On all essential issues we had complete unanimity, practical matters were resolved quickly.
Brigadier Commissar Mikhail Grigoryevich Kuznetsov, who had worked as secretary of the Izmail Regional Party Committee before the war, arrived as a member of the Military Council. Thus, the Military Council was created and started to work.
Many different questions were cited to be resolved, including what to do with the rear of other armies.
Our troops retreated under the onslaught of the enemy to the east. And often they had to move, adhering not to roads, but only to a certain direction. The rear, as a rule, retreated along the roads. And on the territory of the Odessa region, almost all major roads led to Odessa. And so it happened that by the beginning of its defense there had accumulated a lot of rear and auxiliary units and subunits, field hospitals that belonged to other armies of the Southern Front, especially the 9th. Their commanders and chiefs came to the headquarters of the Primorsky Army to find out how they should be now, who to obey.
The commander of the Odessa Naval Base, Rear Admiral G.V. Zhukov, believed that everything that ended up in Odessa should remain here, automatically being included in the Primorsky Army. But the Military Council could not unconditionally agree with this. We instructed the chief of staff of the army, Major General G. D. Shishenin: leaving what is really necessary for staffing the units, to approach the solution of the issue reasonably, in a stately manner. It was impossible, for example, (although we did not have enough people) to use ordinary radio technicians and other specialists, medical personnel. They should have been returned to their armies, and their own tasks should have been solved with the forces and means that were given to us. This was done, the headquarters consistently carried out the instructions of the Military Council.
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From the author's bookPRIVATE COUNCIL The Meiji Constitution did not provide for a procedure for ratifying treaties. However, according to article 56 of the Constitution, which in in general terms determines the duties of the Privy Council, and according to the imperial decree on the organization of the council, international treaties, until
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