At high pressure and temperature - only an autoclave. If sterilization is carried out at high temperature, but without pressure, the term sterilizer or drying cabinet is used. Invented by Denis Papin in 1679.
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Autoclaves are: rotating, swinging, horizontal, vertical and column. The autoclave is a vessel either closed or with an opening lid. If necessary, they are equipped with internal, external or remote heat exchangers, mechanical, electromagnetic or pneumatic mixing devices and instrumentation for measuring and regulating pressure, temperature, liquid level, etc.
The design and basic parameters of an industrial autoclave are diverse, the capacity is from several tens of cm³ to hundreds of m³, they are designed to operate under pressure up to 150 MPa (1500 kgf/cm²) at temperatures up to 500 °C. For chemical industries, if it is necessary to mix the product, as an option, autoclaves with glandless agitators and a shielded electric motor that do not require sealing are promising. The rotor of this electric motor is mounted directly on the stirrer shaft and covered with a sealed thin-walled screen made of non-magnetic material that does not prevent the penetration of magnetic lines of force from the motor stator to the rotor.
In the production of building materials, tunnel or dead-end autoclaves are used. Outwardly, they are a pipe 3-6 m in diameter and 15-20 m in length, closed with a lid with a bayonet lock (dead end on one side, tunnel on both sides).
Rails for trolleys with products are located along the length of the autoclave. The autoclaves are equipped with pipelines for saturated steam inlet, waste steam bypass to another autoclave, steam release to the atmosphere or to a heat exchanger, and for condensate drainage.
In the food industry, vertical and horizontal autoclaves are used in a wide range of varieties, sizes and principles of operation. For example, in horizontal autoclaves for the food industry, the necessary counterpressure can be created in relation to each individual product package, which makes it possible to sterilize products not only in rigid containers (glass jars, tin cans), but also in soft and semi-rigid packaging.
Autoclave cooking is a method of cooking food in a sealed vessel or autoclave that does not allow air or liquid to escape the pressurized vessel. Since the boiling point of a liquid shifts upward as the pressure increases, the temperature of the liquid inside the system can be increased up to 100 °C. In this case, the liquid does not reach the boiling point. Most high pressure cooking systems operate at 15 psi operating pressure, the 1917 US standard. At this pressure, the liquid boils at a temperature of 125 °C. Elevated temperature allows you to cook the product disproportionately faster than the standard method.
For example, chopped fresh cabbage is cooked within one minute, retaining all the vitamin and flavor range of the product. Fresh green beans or small potatoes are cooked for about five minutes, and a whole chicken up to 3 kg - about 20 minutes. Another advantage of the autoclave cooking method is the achievement of the effect of stewing and slow boiling of the product in a very short time.
Currently, small installations are used by climbers in order to boil water at high altitudes. High in the mountains, water boils away before reaching a temperature of 100 ° C, which prevents proper cooking and normal cooking of food, as Charles Darwin wrote in The Voyage of the Beagle.
The autoclave method of cooking was considered very explosive. Modern autoclave cooking systems are equipped with multi-stage protection mechanisms, special locks and automatic shutdown systems.
Under normal conditions, heating water above the boiling point is not possible. As soon as the temperature reaches 100 °C, the water stops heating up. This is due to the intense evaporation of water during its heating. If the water boils for a long time, then it completely turns into steam.
When water or liquid is boiled in an autoclave, the boiling point rises. As soon as the temperature of the soup or puree reaches 90 °C, intensive evaporation begins. Water vapor, being essentially a gas, creates excess pressure in combination with temperature, which causes the evaporation to stop. The higher the temperature, the higher the pressure in the system. The heat generated by increasing pressure is called latent heat and has a great penetrating power into the structure of microorganisms, destroying them even in a dormant state - in spores.
A similar process is easily achievable when preparing solid, non-cavernous foods. In the case of the preparation of sponge-like, cavernous products, a system with a deep evacuation of the container should be selected. The residual oxygen content can help protect bacteria from destruction by creating thermal insulation for their shells.
Modern autoclaves use fractional vacuum, which removes oxygen in several cycles, providing 100% steam penetration during sterilization and homogenization of the product.
Autoclave cooking allows you to cook dishes many times faster, while maintaining all the nutritional properties of the product.
When using autoclaves, their owner is obliged to ensure the proper condition of the vessels and their working conditions. For this purpose, a trained person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure vessels is appointed.
Personnel entrusted with the duties of servicing the vessels must carefully monitor the equipment assigned to them by inspecting it, checking the operation of valves, instrumentation, safety and interlocking devices and maintaining the vessels in good condition. The results of the inspection and verification should be recorded in a shift log.
In Russia, regulatory documents for the operation of autoclaves are published and approved by Rostekhnadzor.
The industrial autoclave RV-0.1.1.0.E.0.0.0 is designed for impregnation of cast parts in order to seal them.
DEVICE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOCLAVE.
The autoclave is a single-wall sealed container mounted on a stretcher.
The autoclave has a hinged lid, which is secured with hinged bolts. The design of the autoclave provides for a system of pipelines and shut-off valves, which makes it possible to measure the technological parameters of the product processing process in a wide range.
The industrial autoclave operates according to the following technological cycle:
Put the parts in the autoclave, close the lid;
- create a vacuum in the autoclave;
- open the valve for supplying the impregnating composition, close the valve;
- create a vacuum in the autoclave;
holding time in accordance with the technological process;
- release the vacuum;
- pressurize the autoclave
holding time in accordance with the technological process;
- relieve pressure;
- open the valve to remove the impregnating composition, close the valve;
- open the lid, remove the parts from the autoclave, immerse in a bath of cold water.
We develop and manufacture industrial autoclaves according to the technical specifications of the customer
any volume, configuration, for various industries.
The plant has a Permit from ROSTEKHNADZOR for the right to use steel welded tanks, vessels and apparatuses with a capacity of up to 200 m2 at hazardous production facilities associated with the handling of explosive and chemically hazardous substances.
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The household stainless steel autoclave NEFOR 16 is a device for preserving food in glass jars at home without the use of preservatives.
Preservation allows you to cook meat, fish, mushrooms, vegetables, compotes, juices, pates in natural juice without preservatives. Autoclave-sterilizer NEFOR is suitable for canning vegetables in the form of caviar, salads, lecho. With the autoclave you will have a varied and healthy menu all year round.
At a preservation temperature of 120°C and above, all harmful microorganisms are destroyed. So food becomes safe and product shelf life is increased: You can store them up to 2 years or more.
Proper canning preserves the amino acids, vitamins, and other organic substances needed for healthy metabolism and energy balance.
Autoclave NEFOR 16 for home canning is made of quality stainless steel. This means that there will be no dirty stains from rust inside the tank. In addition, the steel is made to a special standard for food preparation.
Capacity: the autoclave includes 16 cans of 0.5 or 0.65 liters or 5 cans of 1 liter. You can combine jars and other sizes as you wish.
Without parts for electrical operation, the NEFOR autoclave is independent of the power supply and easy to apply.
Reliability: Every NEFOR brand autoclave is thoroughly tested.
First of all, it is checked for tightness. It is fully assembled into working condition and the pressure is brought to 6 atmospheres. In this state, the autoclave is left for 12 hours. Only devices that have passed the test are sent for sale.
Comes with a detachable adjustable stand convenient use on electric stoves.
Saving: autoclaves with an external heating principle are cheaper than electric counterparts with an internal heater.
| Main characteristics | |
|---|---|
| A type | |
| Heater | external |
| Capacity, l | 16 |
| Material | stainless steel |
| Dimensions | |
| Dimensions, mm | 300x400x600 |
| Weight, kg | 11 |
| capacity | |
| 8 | |
| 8 | |
| Total cans 0.5 l, pcs | 16 |
| Total cans 1 l, pcs | 5 |
| Performance indicators | |
|---|---|
| 122 | |
| 0,15 | |
| Autoclave equipment | |
| safety valve | there is |
| pressure gauge | there is |
| Thermometer | there is |
| Warranty Information | |
| The country | Russia |
| Manufacturer | IP Nesterova |
| Warranty, months | 12 |
| Service life, years | 5 |
The manufacturer reserves the right to change the characteristics of the product, its appearance and completeness without prior notice to the seller.
Information that is not in the specified characteristics of the goods, provided for in Article 10 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" and paragraph 8 of the "Rules for the Sale of Goods by Remote Method" (including location, name of the manufacturer; service life; information on mandatory confirmation of compliance with established requirements) , is provided (in accordance with paragraph 2 of the "Rules for the sale of goods remotely") by phone or e-mail by the company's managers, by courier at the time of delivery until the goods are transferred to the client.
| Main characteristics | |
|---|---|
| A type | for gas and electric stoves |
| Heater | external |
| Capacity, l | 16 |
| Material | stainless steel |
| Dimensions | |
| Dimensions, mm | 300x400x600 |
| Weight, kg | 11 |
| capacity | |
| Number of cans in 1 layer, 0.5 l, pcs | 8 |
| Number of cans in 2 layers, 0.5 l, pcs | 8 |
| Total cans 0.5 l, pcs | 16 |
| Total cans 1 l, pcs | 5 |
| Performance indicators | |
|---|---|
| Max. t° in sterilization mode, °C | 122 |
| Max. pressure in the sterilization mode, MPa (kgf/cm2) | 0,15 |
| Autoclave equipment | |
| safety valve | there is |
| pressure gauge | there is |
| Thermometer | there is |
| Warranty Information | |
| The country | Russia |
| Manufacturer | IP Nesterova |
| Warranty, months | 12 |
| Service life, years | 5 |
Autoclave - an apparatus for carrying out various processes when heated and under pressure above atmospheric. Under these conditions, the reaction is accelerated and the product yield is increased. When used in chemistry or for carrying out chemical reactions, the name chemical reactor is used. When used in medicine for sterilization at high pressure and temperature - only an autoclave. If sterilization is carried out at high temperature, but without pressure, the term sterilizer or oven is used. It was invented by Denis Papin in 1679.
Autoclaves are: rotating, swinging, horizontal, vertical and column. The autoclave is a vessel either closed or with an opening lid. If necessary, they are equipped with internal, external or remote heat exchangers, mechanical, electromagnetic or pneumatic mixing devices and instrumentation for measuring and regulating pressure, temperature, liquid level, etc.
The design and basic parameters of an industrial autoclave are diverse, the capacity is from several tens of cm³ to hundreds of m³, they are designed to operate under pressure up to 150 MPa (1500 kgf/cm²) at temperatures up to 500 °C. For chemical industries, sealless autoclaves with a shielded electric motor that do not require sealing are promising.
The rotor of this electric motor is mounted directly on the stirrer shaft and covered with a sealed thin-walled screen made of non-magnetic material that does not prevent the penetration of magnetic lines of force from the motor stator to the rotor.
In the production of building materials, tunnel or dead-end autoclaves are used. Outwardly, they are a pipe 3-6 m in diameter and 15-20 m in length, closed with a lid with a bayonet lock (dead end on one side, tunnel on both sides).
Rails for trolleys with products are located along the length of the autoclave. The autoclaves are equipped with pipelines for saturated steam inlet, waste steam bypass to another autoclave, steam release to the atmosphere or to a heat exchanger, and for condensate drainage.
In the food industry, vertical and horizontal autoclaves are used in a wide range of varieties, sizes and principles of operation. For example, in horizontal autoclaves for the food industry, the necessary counterpressure can be created in relation to each individual product package, which makes it possible to sterilize products not only in rigid containers (glass jars, tin cans), but also in soft and semi-rigid packaging.
Autoclaves are used in the chemical industry (production of herbicides, organic intermediates and dyes, in synthesis processes); in hydrometallurgy (leaching followed by recovery from solutions of non-ferrous and precious metals, rare elements); in the rubber industry (vulcanization of technical products); in the food industry (sterilization, pasteurization of products [including canned food], cooking); in the building materials industry. Autoclaves are widely used in medicine. Also when creating products from carbon fiber, to give them solid shapes.
Autoclave protective jacket - a device that protects the seams and the main material of the reactor vessel from the effects of coolant.
Autoclaves have been widely used in the food industry. Modern autoclave cooking systems are equipped with multi-stage protection mechanisms, special locks and automatic shutdown systems. To date, about 1.5 million autoclaves are constantly used for these purposes around the world.
Under normal conditions, heating water above the boiling point is not possible. As soon as the temperature reaches 100 °C, the water stops heating up. This is due to the intense evaporation of water during its heating. If the water boils for a long time, then it completely turns into steam.
When water or liquid is boiled in an autoclave, the boiling point rises. As soon as the temperature of the soup or puree reaches 90 °C, intensive evaporation begins. Water vapor, being essentially a gas, creates excess pressure in combination with temperature, which causes the evaporation to stop. The higher the temperature, the higher the pressure in the system. The heat generated by increasing pressure is called latent heat and has a great penetrating power into the structure of microorganisms, destroying them even in a dormant state - in spores.
A similar process is easily achievable in the preparation of solid non-cavernous foods. In case of preparation of spongy, cavernous products, a system with deep tank vacuum should be chosen. The residual oxygen content can help protect bacteria from destruction by creating thermal insulation for their shells.
Modern autoclaves use fractional vacuum, which removes oxygen in several cycles, providing 100% steam penetration during sterilization and homogenization of the product.
Autoclave cooking allows you to cook dishes many times faster, while maintaining all the nutritional properties of the product.
High pressure steam cooking is the most nutritious cooking method. The high pressure releases natural natural juices from the product, allowing you to cook meals at high temperatures in your own juice. High-pressure cooking allows damaged tissues to be "repaired" in vacuum-packaged or previously frozen foods.
Superheated steam generated at high pressure by elevated temperatures allows cooking 3 to 10 times faster. High temperature steam treatment allows you to cook without salt, with a minimum of oil, sugar, flavors and flavor enhancers, with less aging and drying while maintaining fresh taste.
Pressure cooking preserves all the nutritional elements of the food. Since food is cooked in an airless environment and very quickly, the minimum amount of vitamins, liquids, minerals, salts is digested during the boiling process.
An autoclave is an apparatus designed to carry out a variety of processes when heated and under pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure. The presence of these conditions makes it possible to achieve an acceleration of the reaction, as well as an increase in the yield of the product.
Used in the chemical field to carry out a variety of chemical reactions, this apparatus is called a chemical reactor. Used in medicine (sterilization at high temperatures and high pressure), this apparatus is only called an autoclave. If the sterilization process is carried out without exposure to high pressure, then the term sterilizer or drying cabinet is used.
There are autoclaves vertical, column, horizontal, swinging, rotating. The autoclave can be presented in the form of a closed vessel or with a lid. Autoclaves can be equipped with external, remote, internal heat exchangers, as well as electromagnetic, pneumatic or mechanical mixing devices. In addition, autoclaves, as required, can be equipped with control and measuring devices for regulating and measuring temperature, liquid level, pressure, etc.
The main parameters and design of industrial autoclaves are varied. They can have a capacity from several hundred m3 to tens of cm3 and are intended for operation at temperatures up to 5000C and under pressure up to 1500 kgf/cm2.
In the chemical industry, sealless autoclaves with a shielded electric motor are promising, which do not require sealing. In this electric motor, the rotor is mounted directly on the stirrer shaft, covered with a thin-walled sealed screen made of non-magnetic materials that do not prevent the penetration of magnetic lines of force from the stator to the motor rotor. In the process of production of building materials, dead-end or tunnel autoclaves are used. Outwardly, these are pipes from 15 to 20 meters in length and from three to six meters in diameter, covered with a lid.
Autoclaves are used in:
- Hydrometallurgy (leaching and subsequent recovery from solutions of precious and non-ferrous metals, rare elements).
- Chemical industry (production of organic dyes and intermediates, herbicides, in synthesis processes).
- In the rubber industry (the process of vulcanization of technical products).
- In the production of building materials.
- In the canning industry.
- In the medical field.
- When creating objects from carbon fiber (to give them solid shapes).
