Thinking about the question of which heater for the balcony will be the simplest and most affordable in terms of price characteristics of maintenance, many make the wrong decision, preferring the usual radiator of the system. central heating. After all, it is enough to install an additional battery in the room and the problem will be solved. But it's not as simple as it seems. In order to make a good heated balcony on your own, you will need to make some efforts.
The most economical way to heat a room is to install another heating radiator on the loggia. A significant drawback of this method can be called a ban on such types of work with centralized heating. The fact is that the pressure in the mains is calculated for a certain area, and the installation of an additional section can significantly reduce heat transfer for other owners. Therefore, this option is optimal only for houses with individual heating. At the same time, the wrong choice of a heater for a balcony can lead to problems with neighbors or a fire in the electrical wiring.
It should be borne in mind that unauthorized heating of a balcony by removing a radiator without approval obtained from the BTI may be punished by an administrative fine.
Electric heated floor for the loggia does not require any accompanying and permitting documents There are 2 methods of installing a heater on a loggia using the "Heated floor" technology:
The first method of heating the loggia has a disadvantage similar to the previously described method. Since the system is connected from the main source of heating, the supervisory authorities, in advance, will not give permission for its installation. This applies to situations where heating is centralized. With an individual - the decision is made by the owner of the housing and additional approvals are not needed.
Electric does not require any accompanying and permitting documents. Sold in fully assembled in almost any hardware store. Its installation is much easier, since no piping is required. The only nuances are the large electricity bills and the mandatory grounding of the system.
The most popular among electric heaters are convectors and oil heaters Currently, the markets offer a fairly wide selection of various electrical heating appliances, differing in power and efficiency, on which the time required to fully heat the room and go into "sleep mode" depends. The most popular among analogues are convectors and oil heaters. To a greater extent, the use of such devices is practiced in cases where the owner does not plan to spend a lot of time on the loggia and uses it to dry washed clothes or smoke. The main advantages are portability and ease of use. You can install the convector on the balcony yourself. It is hung on the wall and fixed with special locks. It is desirable that it be located near the power outlet.
Among the disadvantages that such heaters for a balcony have, one can highlight the high consumption of electricity. In addition, with constant use, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the wiring, since with prolonged use it is subjected to heavy loads. Another disadvantage is the drying of the air, which may cause bad smell on the balcony. About which heater is better, see this video:
With occasional activation electric heaters for some time, the shortcomings regarding the state of the air are practically not felt.
Infrared heaters for a balcony, in comparison with analogues, have some advantages and features. Firstly, most of them are ceiling products that are mounted directly on the ceiling, which allows us to talk about saving usable space in the room. Secondly, the heating of the loggia is carried out evenly without burning oxygen (unlike the operation of electrical devices). In terms of energy efficiency and economy, the IFC-heater for a balcony is significantly superior to the latter. Its cost is quite affordable for ordinary citizens, and ease of installation makes the device a leader among mobile heaters. About which of the IR heaters is better, see this video:
Thus, the answer to the question of which heater is better remains open. It all depends on the purpose for which the room will be used. If for occasional use in winter time, then it is quite possible to do electrical devices. When planning to make a good, constantly heated balcony, it is advisable to take this issue more seriously and consider options for connecting to a heating system or installing a warm floor. At the same time, one should not forget that whatever good heater you have not purchased, you first need to insulate the walls, floor and ceiling of the loggia. Only then can you achieve a comfortable temperature in the room.
Even an insulated balcony needs to be heated in cold weather. Only in this case the temperature will be quite comfortable.
It is forbidden to take out a central heating radiator without approval. It is difficult to obtain permission, since the space must first be recognized as residential and changes must be made to project documentation apartment building. This process is costly and lengthy, but not always giving a positive result. That is why the radiator is rarely taken out of the apartment to the balcony.
It is much easier to provide heating of the balcony space with the help of electrical appliances. You can install the heater on the balcony without any problems. Most importantly, pre-select the most suitable from several options.
Rice. 1 How to heat a balcony in winter
Electric heaters are represented by a wide variety of devices. They differ in the nature of the work and other indicators. When choosing a heating device, you should consider the size of the balcony and the quality of its insulation. How more area the more powerful the heater required. If the insulation is not done carefully enough, then it makes no sense to use heating. Heat will quickly leave the room.
A fan heater is a heating device that consists of a housing, heating element and fan. The heating element warms up, heats the surrounding air. The fan creates air movement and heat spreads over the entire area of the balcony.
Such a device is convenient in cases where fast heating of the balcony is required. But using it as a constant source of heat is not convenient. The fan heater is noisy. It is required to control it manually or additionally install a thermal relay.
Rice. 2 Fan heater for heating the loggia
A nichrome coil is used as a heating element. With regular operation of the device, it relatively quickly fails. A significant advantage of fan heaters is low price. This is the most cheap option heaters.
Convector devices also carry out forced air movement. Cold is sucked in from below, and warm comes out from above. In addition, the wall of the heater is heated, which radiates heat.
Rice. 3 Convector to the balcony
Such heat sources have many advantages. They quickly heat up the space, after reaching the desired temperature, they automatically turn off.
Convectors can be placed on the floor, hung on the wall or on the ceiling. The most different variants installation.
The disadvantage of convector heaters is the drying of the air. In addition, significant electricity consumption is noted.
Oil appliances consist of a body filled with mineral oil, in which a heating element is immersed. First, the oil is heated. It transfers heat to the walls of the case, and the walls heat the air. Maximum temperature oil heating is about eighty degrees, so the device is safe. Since the heating element does not come into contact with air, it does not dry it out and does not burn out oxygen.
Rice. 4 How to heat a balcony - an oil radiator
The appliance heats up slowly and warms up the room. However, after turning it off, it remains hot for some time and continues to heat the space.
Infrared heaters work by creating radiation in the infrared range. Heat rays are delayed by objects or the human body. As a result, the surfaces are heated first, and the air is heated from them.
Infrared devices are among the most energy efficient. They convert more than ninety-five percent of electricity into heat.
Rice. 5 Infrared heater on the balcony
The disadvantage of such a device is the appearance of a thermal shadow. If there are a lot of objects on the balcony that impede the flow of infrared radiation, then unheated, cold places will appear. In particular, if the heater is fixed at the top, then the floor under the table will be cold, and the countertop will be warm.
In addition to heaters installed on walls or floor surfaces, there are options built under the floor covering. These systems are called "warm floor".
For arranging a warm floor in a screed or on its surface, electrical cable, heating mats or infrared film. The principle of operation is approximately the same. The heating element generates heat. The screed and flooring are heated. As a result, the surface of the floor is warm and the air is heated from it. This temperature distribution is the most optimal. It is especially convenient for a balcony, because. the floor of the remote structure is usually colder than in the rooms.
Rice. 6 Underfloor heating on the balcony
Differences different types warm floors are in the features of installation. The cable is laid in the thickness of the screed. The floor level rises, but the heating element is protected from damage. Mats close only thin layer tile adhesive. Infrared floors also do not require a significant thickness of screed.
If you choose which heater is best for a balcony in winter, then you should take into account specific requirements. Periodic heating of the loggia requires rapid heating, but long-term maintenance of a high temperature is not required. In this case fit good fan heater.
For permanent heating, all other options are suitable. An oil radiator will provide uniform heating of the balcony without temperature fluctuations. An electric convector will allow you to quickly distribute warm air throughout the premises. Convectors can be both floor and ceiling.
If you want to energy saving heating, then infrared heaters for the balcony are perfect. They will provide economical heating. But infrared type loggia heaters are not placed where there is a lot of furniture. If objects block the path of infrared rays, then a cold space remains behind them.
For optimal winter heating of the balcony, all types of underfloor heating are excellent. Their main drawback is the need to install under the floor covering, i.e. in the process of repair. At the same time, an oil cooler or a convector can be placed on the loggia at any time, as well as ceiling options can be fixed.
Roman asks:
This year I don’t have time to combine the balcony with the room, but the repairs there have already been made from materials that are too afraid low temperatures Yes, and transferred some equipment there.
List some ways to heat the balcony, maybe there are some that are both inexpensive and warm. I will be very grateful to you.
The expert answers:
I want to say right away that there are no cheap heat sources, and the value of the cost directly depends on the average difference in ambient temperatures outside the window of your balcony and the optimal one for human comfort - 18-22 degrees.
Keeping warm is the first thing to take care of when landscaping a balcony: the better your insulation is, the less money you will dispel in environment. Insulation of all walls, floor and ceiling of the balcony should be at least two layers while maintaining the air space from 5 to 10 cm. window frames if plastic was used - three-, or better - five-chamber. wooden frames thickness from 5 cm with double glazing.
There are many heating systems that can be used for a balcony room, they are all powered by electricity and consume a lot of electricity, I repeat once again - there are no cheap sources. In addition, being serious electrical consumers, heat sources will have a very negative effect on the overall electrical network of your apartment, so I strongly recommend laying a separate single-core aluminum wiring for them, with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm with additional protection"automatic" 16 A or 20 A. So:
I want to say a few words about bringing central heating radiators to the balcony. Many independently crash into the heating system, make a layering and so are heated. In fact, it's completely illegal. The fact is that such a branch violates the general circulation of water in the system, as it was calculated when designing the house. This can lead to pipe breaks, heat loss in some areas of the system, from neighbors, for example. And, in the end - you can simply unfreeze it. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to extend central heating to a balcony or a loggia on your own, without project approval. With a certain level of meticulousness of your house management, you face administrative punishment and dismantling.
And remember - on the balcony, as well as on the loggia, no matter how well you insulated and heated them, the air temperature will always be 2-6 degrees lower than the indoor temperature, depending on the strength of the heater. This is due, first of all, to the fact that your neighbors from above and below often have cold balconies, in addition, facade wall, to the left and right of your balcony, it cools a lot and takes it warm from that part of it that you are diligently trying to heat.
The urge to turn with your own hands non-residential premises residential, or at least suitable for year-round use for household purposes: as a greenhouse, conservatory or room for storing vegetables and fruits, haunts many apartment owners in high-rise buildings. Some are concerned about arranging a comfortable smoking area in winter or keeping animals, usually dogs, outside the apartment. Therefore, their efforts, invariably, are aimed at warming and heating balconies or loggias.
For most people who encounter a problem for the first time, it seems the easiest and most affordable way to do this with the help of existing central water heating, simply by moving the battery to the balcony. But in reality, everything turns out to be not so simple, and most importantly, it is not entirely legal and safe, for which you can pay a large fine and the obligation to restore the entire engineering infrastructure of a residential building at your own expense.
arrange warm balcony do-it-yourself is quite possible. But for this it is necessary to comply with a number of conditions and requirements. Let's try to identify them and analyze the degree of their availability, the cost of implementing the idea and answer the question: is the game worth the candle?
The initial stage of the undertaking, which allows organizing heating on the balcony, is actually their insulation, which makes them comparable in terms of heat loss to other living quarters in the apartment. The entire balcony or loggia is subject to insulation: ceiling, walls, parapet, floor. For this, various insulation materials the most convenient and widespread of which, today, is penoplex (extruded polystyrene foam). But other cheaper heaters can be used: polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
After warming "round" the entire balcony with a layer of penplex or foam, they must be covered before laying decorative coating(wooden "lining" or plastic panels, drywall) with a layer of foil heat-insulating material (penofol or isolon) with a metallized surface inside the balcony. This thin heat-insulating material with a thickness of 2.5-5.0 mm. has excellent thermal insulation properties and is able to reflect up to 70% of heat, in normal conditions lost through the walls of the room in winter.
Having finished the insulation of the balcony, you can think about how you, in the cold season, will maintain a positive temperature on it.
We immediately recommend that you abandon the idea of transferring the battery to the loggia with your own hands, or organizing the heating of the balcony using a warm water floor device, laying pipes powered from the central heating system in a concrete screed for this purpose.
In order to carry out such an alteration, you need permission from a number of organizations that oversee the engineering, sanitary and fire safety condition of your apartment building.
And work on the reconstruction of central heating radiators so that they can be taken out of the perimeter of the dwelling should be carried out only by a specialist who has the appropriate qualifications.
Obtaining permission to install a central heating radiator on a balcony or loggia is difficult for a number of reasons.
First, the system central water supply designed for a strictly defined number of heating devices (radiators), which is indicated in the technical passport of the house. Therefore, the battery on the balcony - this is the installation of an additional heating device (radiator) entails a decrease in pressure in the coolant system and, as a result, a decrease in its temperature in proportion in all apartments.
Secondly, neither balconies nor loggias are residential premises, and heating of a loggia or balcony is not provided for by any technical standards. Even the most thorough insulation of these external structures does not guarantee that the heating radiators brought to them with their own hands will not defrost when lowered and the heat supply throughout the house will not stop.
Third, pay for public Utilities for heating is charged based on their technical passport apartment, in which the number of radiators installed in it is registered. Installing additional radiators is essentially stealing heat energy from the service organization, just like using electricity or water supply bypassing existing individual meters. Even if you, in any way, manage to bring them to the balcony, having received such a “permission”, then it will still require changes in the entire technical documentation apartment building, which you will have to pay at your own expense.
It will also be necessary to make an additional payment for the amount of heat received from the heating radiator placed on the balcony.
As can be seen from the analysis of the difficulties that you will encounter when you decide to arrange heating on loggias or balconies with your own hands, the simplest is to heat the balcony using electric heaters"warm floor" or convector.
There are at least three widely used systems for this purpose.
Let's consider the advantages of each of them.
Balcony heating using the “warm floor” system is the most common and cheap way, arrange heating on the balcony, since these systems are equipped with automation systems that allow you to maintain required temperature and turn off the system, saving energy when this temperature is reached.
The only drawback is that the cable of the "warm floor" system itself must be filled with a screed for it to work effectively.
Therefore, its installation should be combined with the repair or insulation of the balcony floor.
The film heater does not need to be filled with a screed and can be mounted on walls or ceilings over a layer of foil insulation. Directly on the electric heating film, you can lay any kind floor covering or decorative finishing material. (An exception is the use of film insulation on ceiling plate balcony, if in the future you plan to arrange a stretch ceiling.)
The film heating system is also fully automated (it has a thermal relay and on/off timers). In terms of energy consumption characteristics, it is more economical compared to the "warm floor" system with a cable heating element, but much more expensive. Do-it-yourself installation is not complicated and does not require large-scale work on pouring a concrete screed.
There are many models that can be used as a balcony heater. The most common, but not very effective, is the "oil" convector. They are quite energy-intensive and require a constant connection to the mains to obtain a stable effect.
Pick up oil convector(number of sections) is not difficult - it is enough to look at the parameters of its power in the data sheet and for heating the room of what area it is intended.
Convector with ceramic heating elements - does not dry out the air and is very effective in heating small spaces, but expensive.
Infrared heaters - give a higher heat transfer coefficient, but have one drawback.
They do not heat the air inside the room, but due to the emitted infrared waves, they heat the surface of the objects they are aimed at. Therefore, their use on the balcony is ineffective and not cost-effective.
Fan heaters are also quite widespread as a heater for a balcony. Their advantages include only a relatively low price.
Otherwise, they are energy-intensive, rather noisy, and are not equipped with an automation system that regulates the temperature and operating time of the device.
Therefore, they will require the installation of either a separate thermal relay that will turn off the fan heater, or manual control, which is inconvenient.
In addition, fan heaters, in which a nichrome spiral is used as a heating element, fail very quickly.
Having considered various ways it can be stated that the most, at first glance, low-cost way to organize a warm balcony - to install a water heating radiator on it, in practice turns out to be the most difficult to implement in view of the direct ban on such a transfer in the housing law of the Russian Federation.
Therefore, one has to choose from existing systems electric heating: either - "warm floor", or - a convector and be content with them.
Insulation of the balcony and the organization of the heating system on it in winter period– very voluminous and labor-intensive work. The costs are not always justified, since there is no guarantee that the balcony can be used for its intended purpose in severe frosts. In addition, your energy costs can increase significantly.
It's no secret that today, a balcony or a loggia is often used by the owners as an extra room. They carry out finishing, improving the appearance of the balcony, glazing - protecting it from harmful influences. The balcony becomes beautiful and cozy. However, in cold weather, it can remain practically unused if heating is not properly arranged in it.
This question is rather tricky. After all, here it is important not to violate the criteria of SNiP. It is also important to obtain the necessary permission for such operations. The solution of such issues is the prerogative of the BTI. And there, beforehand, it is necessary to apply. BTI specialists are considering it, but approval cases are quite rare.
However, you can carry out heating on the balcony without such difficulties. Here, it is better to use the services of a specialist. He will calculate the necessary parameters and mount the battery so that no metamorphosis with heating will occur in the neighboring apartment.
However, even with the work of a highly qualified specialist, some difficulties may arise. And, even a thoroughly insulated balcony can disrupt the thermal properties of the apartment itself. For example, if for some reason the pressure in the heating system drops, then the water in the balcony battery can simply freeze. As a result, the entire heating pipeline will begin to function with problems or even fail.
Therefore, it is reasonable to use alternative heating means: various electrically heated appliances.
The option, with such devices, implies the presence of electricity on the balcony. So, in this area - wiring is needed. It should not be carried through openings (neither window nor door). After all, this seriously violates the safety criteria.
On the balcony, the wires are laid in special cable channels. So, - the wiring receives protection from moisture, accidental damage, and does not spoil appearance balcony.
Let's look at which heating options are the most rational.
Modern, safe, reliable and efficient system heating. Since, warm air rises from the bottom - up, thereby warming the cold - lower layers of air. This does not require additional heating.
Heating, according to this technique, is very high quality. In addition, the arrangement of such floors eliminates the need for mounting external heating equipment. At the same time, the usable area is not wasted. If these floors are installed correctly, then on the balcony - a comfortable, adjustable temperature regime.
There are: electric and water type. The first is the more common option, since they are easier to mount. Therefore, we will consider only them.
They consist of: a channel cable, a temperature sensor and a thermostat - for setting the temperature.
When arranging floors with an electrical base, a network of wires must be mounted - it is on a clean, leveled, concrete base. Then, a layer is applied to the screed - thermal insulation material. After, the wires are mounted and poured concrete screed. After it hardens, you can apply the coating.
Coating options: tile, linoleum, decorative rock, laminate and so on. The most preferred coating is tile, as it has the best thermal conductivity.
After that, you need to install - only two elements: a temperature controller and a power cable. Heating efficiency warm floors, can be improved if thermal insulation is arranged under the wire network. At the same time, heat losses for heating the ceiling in the lower adjacent balcony will be excluded.
To ensure the preservation of heat, it is optimal to use the following materials:
Usually, manufacturers provide a solid warranty period for underfloor heating - up to 10 years. However, these floors please their owners with a more solid period: from 30 to 50 years. And such cases, more than 90%.
If the owners, for some reason, do not dare to install underfloor heating, then there is an option for heating the balcony - heating appliances. The most common options are: convectors, oil coolers and fan heaters. Depending on the size of your balcony, you will need to install one or two devices.
If your balcony has a rather modest size, then it is reasonable to use oil radiators to heat it. Since it, unlike others, has a lot of advantages:
For example: electric fireplaces cannot boast of such a property. Their heater is heated to extremely high temperatures (over 200-300 degrees). At the same time, oxygen in the air is burned. And the surface of such oil coolers can heat up to 85 degrees, no more. At the same time, there is no loss of oxygen.
Types of oil coolers: sectional and flat. The first ones gained great fame, since their heating surface is large. flat views, with identical dimensions, do not possess such qualities.
As a rule, these devices are placed on wheels and two-level switches for power parameters. The first elements thoroughly facilitate the movement of devices.
So, we have considered the basics of creating heat on the balcony. Of course, you shouldn't break laws for your own comfort. Yes, and why all sorts of litigation with the BTI and other utilities, as well as neighbors. Do not disrupt the work of the entire heating system entrance or one line. It is better to carefully follow the safety rules. Do not be too self-motivated here. But, first of all, it is worth considering how great the need for heating the balcony is, how much time is spent there in the cold season?
