If you are building a house from scratch or want to redevelop, you need to know how to make a doorway in accordance with all rules and standards. It should be borne in mind that there are both general norms and specific nuances in relation to individual materials.
Punching an opening in a brick wall has a number of nuances
The device of openings in the building is one of the design stages. A number of parameters depend on how well this work will be done. It is important to correctly calculate the position of doors and windows, strengthen the ceilings above them, determine the appearance and dimensions. It is necessary to separately calculate the area of light openings. This includes not only doors, but also windows, since this concept refers to natural light from outside the building. In general, when performing calculations and installation, the ratio between the area of light openings and the floor of the room should be taken as a basis in a ratio of 1:5.5 to 1:8.
The question deserves special attention - how to make an opening for a new door in the wall of the house. In order to answer it, one must also refer to the generally accepted standards of GOST and SNiP. Today, despite the popularity of non-standard architectural and design solutions, the basic parameters are still taken as a basis. Consider what needs to be considered first of all:
The main parameters of the doorway
If you have high ceilings in your home and want to create a grand entryway, you can deviate from the standards and install a larger structure, while coordinating these data with the overall design of the building.
Before cutting an opening, it is important to choose the optimal types of construction. This moment may not seem so significant, but in fact there can be many options. The following types of openings under the door can be distinguished:
Varieties of doorways in the wall
When designing a building with your own hands, a prerequisite is the drawing up of a plan and the designation of all doorways in the drawings. In the diagram, they look like an interrupted section of the wall with a line deviated to the side - this is a designation of the direction of plowing the canvas. This line in the drawings is connected to the wall line with an arc.
In order to perform the work in construction, special equipment is used. The following tools are mainly used:
Necessary tools for punching a doorway
So, after checking the project on the drawings, you can proceed directly to business. Since brick walls are one of the most common options for partitions in a house, you should consider the technology of opening an opening in them first.
The main feature of punching an opening in a brick wall is that the contours of the upper part must match the joints in the masonry. It is not allowed to cut the brick along. After the work is done, the jumper is installed. The same principle is followed when creating a doorway in a foam block building.
Consider the order of work. First you need to check the position of the future opening on the plan with real conditions and adjust the general plan if necessary. For convenience of work, the designation of boundaries is applied to the wall of foam blocks. Since all the bricks are connected to each other, any wrong effort can lead to a violation of the integrity of the entire masonry. That is why you first need to cut out the contours of the structure.
Dust-free cutting of openings is carried out using special equipment with a diamond blade, equipped with a construction vacuum cleaner to collect dust. If you do not have a specialized tool at your disposal, you can use the grinder. After marking the contours, further work is carried out using a sledgehammer.
Very often, in the process of doing work with your own hands, you may encounter the problem of load distribution. To minimize the risks, you can first cut through only the upper part of the opening, perform strengthening work and then continue. Also, sometimes temporary side supports are installed, especially when it comes to load-bearing walls made of foam blocks.
Jumpers are used to properly distribute the load when punching an opening.
How to make a doorway in a brick or foam block wall with your own hands is now clear, but what about redevelopment of an apartment in a panel high-rise building?
In order to make a safe opening in the wall of a panel house, you do not need to look for joints, as in the construction of foam blocks or bricks. There are much less restrictions on the definition of contours, but more load. Therefore, the installation of any doorway is recommended to begin with the installation of a metal jumper.
Consider how to make an opening in a concrete wall with your own hands? The work algorithm is the same: first, the designation is made, the contours are cut, and then the middle is taken out. If a wall of foam blocks can be crushed with a sledgehammer, then in a panel house for reinforced concrete structures, you need to additionally cut it into squares.
The installation of the details of the doorway itself is carried out according to the standard scheme and is common to all types of structures. The installation of the canvas is reflected in the drawings. An exception may be an opening in a log house. This type of structure inevitably shrinks over time, so it is important to pre-pigtail this area.
An opening in a panel house can be created in any convenient place without being tied to joints
The issue of organizing a jumper should be considered separately. It is a horizontal crossbar, which is installed at the top of the opening and takes on most of the load.
The following can be used as jumper materials:
Varieties of jumpers over the doorway according to the material of manufacture
For reliable fixation of the elements, the jumper must be implanted into the wall by about 20-30 cm on each side. For adhesion, cement mortar is used. After it hardens, you can continue punching and finishing the opening.
Regardless of whether you are going to break through a doorway in a brick wall or cut it into a wooden partition, it is important to comply with the basic requirements of GOST. If the load is not properly distributed, you increase the risk of building failure in the future, especially when it comes to load-bearing elements.
