On June 6, 2014, the invitation of the new head of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, by the President of France, Hollande, caused fierce discussions between Ukrainian and Russian bloggers and users of social networks Odnoklassniki and Vkontakte about the "legitimacy" and "expediency" of such a step on the part of the EU, as stated by analysts. This is not surprising, because for the majority of Russians, victory in that difficult and terrible war is associated primarily with the role of Russia and Russian soldiers as "victors of fascism" and "liberators of Europe from Nazism."
"What does Ukraine have to do with the celebration of the leading states of the anti-Hitler coalition?"- here and there, indignant Russian bloggers write.
Such sentiments of Russians are due to the statement of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, who on December 16, 2010 explicitly stated that Russia in the Great Patriotic War could win without Ukraine. "We would have won anyway, because we are a country of winners," Putin said, advising to pay attention to the statistics as evidence, namely that the most big losses suffered then the RSFSR (70% of losses), which means that the war was won at the expense of the resources of the Russian Federation," the President of the Russian Federation is sure.
What then is the role of Ukraine, if the remaining 30% is divided into 100 nationalities of the USSR and why then the presidents of Russia and Ukraine were invited to France, analysts of the sections "News of Russia" and "News of Ukraine" of the magazine of investors "Market Leader" understood.
According to Ukrainian historians, victory in the Great Patriotic War
1. Monopolized by modern Russia, although the victory was won by the entire USSR and Soviet people. It was a joint victory in the war against fascism, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, Kazakhs and Georgians, Armenians and Uzbeks, Kirghiz and Turkmens, Armenians and Crimean Tatars, as the indigenous people of Ukraine (5 Heroes of the Soviet Union and one twice Hero of the USSR), Lithuanians (15 Heroes of the Soviet Union), etc. This is a historical fact or an axiom of history that does not require proof, as Ukrainian historians say.
2. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 gave rise to many problems, when every independent state now has to select "its own heroes", although on the battlefield they fought together against the Nazi (Italian, Romanian, etc.) invaders, defending their homeland of the USSR. Such a "selection" is necessary so that every nation (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.) knows and remembers the heroes of its state, can erect monuments and memorial plaques to them in the settlements where these glorious warriors were born, who became the pride of their country and all former USSR.
If we apply such an approach (and not just the number of military casualties, as Putin did), many interesting patterns about the role of each of the nations of the former Soviet Union in the fight against fascism, and the answer to the question: why it was absolutely natural to invite two presidents of two states at once - the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and not one to the celebrations in France.
Numbers speak best of all about the role of Ukrainians during the Great Patriotic War:
- 33%, or one of the three three times Heroes of the Soviet Union, during the war years, originally from Ukraine (Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub was born in the Glukhovsky district of the Sumy region of Ukraine), Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov and Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin come from modern Russia;
- "25% of twice Heroes of the Soviet Union - originally from Ukraine is another important discovery made by historians," the Market Leader reports. Out of 101 people who received the title twice Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II:
* 66% or 67 people were born on the territory of the modern Russian Federation;
* about 25% or 26 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union come from modern Ukraine;
* about 4% or 4 people from Belarus;
* one person each from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania and Poland.
Note: out of 154 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, only those who received two Hero stars no later than 1945 were selected (including mass awarding in the Kremlin on June 26, 1945). Born in Kazakhstan, Beda Leonid Ignatievich, a Ukrainian by nationality, is in the column twice Heroes of the Soviet Union of residents of Kazakhstan.
"History has long been turned into an instrument of ideology", - bitterly state our experts. Take a look at the data from Wikipedia on the twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, born in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, and you will be surprised to find that they are ... Russians. So,
* the legendary tanker Yosif Iraklevich Gusakovsky was born in the Mogilev province ... of the Russian Empire. The fact that these are the territories of the sovereign state of Belarus, Wikipedia is bashfully silent. Although Ivan Ignatievich Yakubovsky indicates the state - the Republic of Belarus.
* Stepan Elizarovich Artemenko (one of the few front-line infantrymen who went from private in August 1941 to regiment commander in May 1945) was born in the village. Ratsulovo near the city of Odessa, all the same Russian Empire.
* Ivan Nikiforovich Boyko - in the village of Zhornitsa, Vinitsa district of the Russian Empire (not a word is said on Wikipedia that this is the territory of modern Ukraine).
Even more amazing place of birthMarshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. It turns out that the city of Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland, the Russian Empire, Wikipedia points out. Like this: "the city of Warsaw, Russia" - any Russian patriot should read if he wants to study the biography of one of the most talented, according to Stalin, Soviet marshals-commanders. “And how to explain to modern Russian youth how a Pole could become an “outstanding commander” of the USSR, who was sincerely respected and loved by his fighters, including Russians by nationality,” Polish experts commented.
1. If you apply not one (as the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin), but four criteria(the number of marshals, Heroes of the Soviet Union, twice and thrice Heroes), one can be surprised to find a pattern that emphasizes the very significant and significant role of Ukraine in the victory in World War II as part of the Soviet Union.
2. "Of course, this topic needs further objective and comprehensive research by professional historians according to dozens of other criteria", - experts say, but today the order of numbers in which
* the role of Russia in the Great Patriotic War - an average of about 65.5%;
* the role of Ukraine - about 25.3%
* the role of Belarus - about 2.8%
* the role of the other 12 former Soviet republics is about 6.4%.
3. "These figures (Russia - 65.5%, Ukraine - 25.3%) convincingly prove the significant role of Ukraine in the Great Patriotic War and refute any unscientific fabrications of the "alternative history" fantasy genre popular in the Russian Federation that during the war years Russia could have won the war without Ukraine, which made an even more significant contribution to the victory than the other 13 union republics of the Soviet Union (except for the RSFSR) , which can be seen from the table," experts say.
4. Ukraine must protect its heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the face of falsifications that have begun, including from a number of those unscrupulous "history lovers" who shamelessly attribute Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles to "Russians" on Wikipedia, which has recently become the most popular source of information on the Internet.
5. The provocative reports of a number of Russian media about "fascism in Ukraine" are blasphemy of those who wants to shut up and belittle the very significant role of the Ukrainian nation in the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War. These falsifiers are silent not only about the exploits Ukrainian people in the Second World War, they do not name (by which there is no and cannot be fascism in Europe, including in Ukraine), but they are also silent about the care of the government of Ukraine and modern Ukrainians about the monuments and steles of war veterans, about patronage Ukrainian army about veterans, about celebrating May 9 as a public holiday in Ukraine, about benefits for war veterans from the Ukrainian state, and much more, because they are well aware that their myths clearly contradict the truth about modern Ukraine and Ukrainians.
6. The visit of the Presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine to France to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the landing of the forces of the anti-Hitler coalition is a tribute to peace heads of 2 independent states the former USSR, which carried on their shoulders about 90% of the victories in that most terrible war in the history of mankind.
7. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine must indicate through diplomatic channels to prevent such a "falsification of history" against which the Russian Federation itself opposes. It is necessary to convey this fact to the President of Belarus Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko, who has already given his unequivocal answer about the talk about the "Russian diaspora" and possible changes in the borders of Belarus and the Russian Federation: "And in response to some I say: if Putin comes here, then it is not known on whose the Russians will fight on the side. Therefore, there is no need to scare us with Putin, Russia and so on," the President of the Republic of Belarus said.
The main thing is that the youth of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, despite the insinuations of a number of Wikipedia compilers, should remember and be proud of their heroes who saved in 1941-1945. world from the terrible fascist plague.
Remember: a nation that does not know its heroes, the futuredoes not have.
This page contains information "Ukraine in the Great Patriotic War".
“The destructive military shaft swept through the Ukrainian land twice, not bypassing even the smallest settlement. The defensive and offensive battles that continued on the territory of Ukraine became an important component of an unprecedented battle in the spaces from the Barents to the Black Seas.
Yes, there was only one victory for everyone who fought the Nazi invasion. And no one was worth the price. For Ukraine, this price was, according to various sources, from 8 to 10 million human lives, huge amounts of economic losses.
The Republic gave the army and navy more than 7 million soldiers. Every second of them went to the fronts, and every second of those who survived returned home disabled. For the specific weight in the Armed Forces of the USSR, for the number of those awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and other military awards, Ukrainians and immigrants from Ukraine occupy the second place. They also led most of the 15 fronts, were widely represented among other generals and military leaders.
President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma
The leadership of Nazi Germany paid great attention to the occupation of Ukraine. Rich in natural resources, food, and especially hard-working people, Ukraine was a tasty morsel for impudent invaders.
The hard year of 1941. Ukraine takes the insidious blow of the enemy. The guards defended heroically. Some border mortgages, garrisons of 40-50 people, armed only with archery weapons, held the defense lines for 2-3 days, although the Nazis planned to capture these points in 15-30 minutes of battle.
In the first days of the war, on July 23-29, Soviet mechanized troops delivered a mighty counterattack against hostile tank forces in the area of the Ukrainian cities of Dubno, Lutsk, Brody, and Rivne. As a result, the advance of the fascist hordes on Kiev was delayed.
Bright pages in the annals of military glory were written by the defenders of Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol. And although the Soviet troops suffered significant losses in defensive battles, thousands of soldiers and commanders were captured, the enemy also paid a heavy price. The heroic defense of Kiev and Odessa helped Soviet army to thwart the fascist plan for a lightning offensive against Moscow, the Crimea and the Caucasus.
At Golosiev near Kiev, the first volley of rocket artillery - the legendary "Katyushas" - sounded, which caused complete confusion and panic in the state of the enemy. “Unforgettable sight! Huge flaming torches howled and roared over the forest, overturned on enemy positions, and fell on the Nazi trenches with a furious flame. The Nazis fled with such haste and confusion that they dropped their weapons.
Rodimtsev O.I., Colonel General, Hero of the Soviet Union
Millions of sons and daughters of Ukraine fought the enemy in the ranks of the Soviet Army and Navy. There were 150 thousand fighters in 650 destruction battalions. About 1.3 million people joined the people's militia. Over 2 million took part in the construction of defensive fortifications.
Near Kiev alone, about 500,000 people worked. August 29, 1941 in the Kiev Drama Theater. Frank, a city-wide youth rally took place. During the rally, it became known that the enemy had broken through the defenses and was approaching the city. Those present in the hall adopted a unanimous decision: everyone should take up arms, and the rally should be extended after the danger has been eliminated.
When the youth again gathered in the theater late in the evening, many chairs were left empty. Over 200 boys and girls did not return from the battlefield. The enemy was advancing wildly. In difficult conditions from July to October 1941, over 500 large enterprises were evacuated from Ukraine, which continued to work in different parts of the then Soviet Union.
Ukrainian scientist, academician Y.O. Paton in the Urals in a short time developed unique high-speed methods for welding the armor of aircraft (for ІL-2 attack aircraft) and tanks, for which in 1943 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
From September 29 to November 4, Soviet troops defended themselves in the Donbass region. With significant losses, the Nazis managed to take possession of the southwestern part of the Donbass, reach the approaches to Rostov, but failed to encircle and destroy the troops of the Southern Front under the command of Colonel General Ya.T. Cherevichenko. Already in these bloody battles, the plan of the fascist "blitzkrieg" fell apart.
The year 1942 began with a general offensive of the Soviet Army on a large front from the northern west of the country to the Black Sea. The heroic defense of Sevastopol continued.
The Nazis blocked Sevastopol from all sides. The way to the city is only by sea. But his enemy mined magnetic mines. The ship had to stumble upon an ordinary mine, while a magnetic one blew it up from a distance. The commander of the sea boat, Dmitry Glukhov, suggested laying a passage for our ships through the minefield. He calculated everything: if you rush on a fast boat, the mines will explode, but behind the boat, so the explosions will not catch the boat.
The boat of Senior Lieutenant Dmitry Andreevich Glukhov rushed at lightning speed along minefield, caused eleven mine explosions and escaped unscathed. The road to Sevastopol by sea was again free. In the spring and summer, a fierce struggle for strategic initiative unfolded. The Nazis managed to develop the offensive and carry out successful operations in the Crimea and in the Kharkov region, to create profitable terms for a big offensive operation. The strategic initiative has passed into the hands of the enemy.
The Nazis captured the Donbass, large areas on the banks of the Don. Both the Ukrainian land and the people groaned under the forged boot of the fascist beast. How can one forget the horrors that the fanatics did! The fascist invaders created over 230 concentration camps and ghettos on the territory of Ukraine. Hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war, women, children, the elderly, the disabled became prisoners.
During the occupation of Ukraine 1941-1944. the Nazis killed over 5 million people (3.8 million civilians and about 1.5 million prisoners of war); 2.4 million people were taken to work in Germany.
During the war, every sixth inhabitant of Ukraine died. More than two hundred and fifty Ukrainian villages were burned to the ground by the invaders. “According to the concept of the Fuhrer, there can be no question of an independent Ukraine in the coming decades. The Fuhrer is thinking about a German protectorate in Ukraine for 25 years"
Alfred Rosenberg, Minister for the Occupied Territories East
Ukraine could not tolerate such abuse. The anger of the people was terrible. Both young and old were filled with hatred, joined the partisans, created underground cells. The flames of the partisan struggle engulfed the whole of Ukraine. The partisans destroyed almost half a million Nazis, blew up about five thousand hostile echelons.
After the defeat of the Nazi troops near Stalingrad, the Soviet Army began its victorious offensive. At the beginning of 1943, Soviet troops achieved brilliant victories. Voronezh and Bryansk fronts under the command of generals F.I. Golikov and M.A. Reiter in February January delivered strong blows to hostile armies and advanced 200-300 km, liberated the cities of Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod, Kharkov. The battles for the Donbass and the Rostov region were fierce.
The Nazis managed to launch several counterattacks, push back the Soviet troops and again capture Kharkov and Belgorod. The advance of the German troops was stopped. It was then that the famous Kursk Bulge was formed - the front's performance in the Kursk region. After the victory at the Kursk Bulge, Soviet troops finally took possession of Kharkov on August 23. The offensive continued from Bolshoi Lugov to the Black Sea.
In September, Soviet troops reached the Dnieper. The battle for the Dnieper is one of the brilliant pages of the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of this large-scale offensive battle was the liberation of the Left-Bank Ukraine, Donbass, Kiev and the entrainment of bridgeheads on the Dnieper. During the battle, the Donbass, Dnieper airborne, Kiev offensive and Kiev defense, Melitopol, Zaporozhye operations were carried out.
Soviet troops defeated the enemy grouping on Left-bank Ukraine and in the Donbass, seized strategic footholds on the Dnieper, liberated over 38 thousand settlements, including the cities of Kiev, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk, Melitopol, Konotop, Bakhmach, created the conditions for an offensive from Belarus and full release Right-bank Ukraine. The Soviet troops were led to these victories by army generals, front commanders K.K. Rokossovsky, M.F. Vatutin, I.S. Konev, F.I. Tolbukhin, R.Ya.Malinovsky.
From December 24, 1943 to April 17, 1944, a gigantic battle unfolded in the Right-Bank Ukraine, in which the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian Fronts took part under the command of Generals M.F. Vatutin, T.S. Konev, R.Ya.Malinovsky, F.I. Tolbukhin. There was already enough military equipment, the Soviet troops quantitatively and qualitatively dominated the enemy, their actions were swift, their blows were powerful.
The command of the Soviet Army competently planned and carried out a strategic offensive, during which 10 operations took place: Zhytomyr-Berdychiv, Kirovohrad, Korsun-Shevchenko, Lutsk Rivne, Nikopol - Krivorozhskaya, Proskurov - Chernivtsi, Umansko - Botoshanskaya, Bereznegovato-Snigirevskaya, Polesskaya and Odessa . The fronts were coordinated by Marshals of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov and O.M. Vasilevsky.
The battle on the Right-Bank Ukraine is one of the largest strategic operations of the war. It deployed on a front up to 1300-1400 km long. In four months, the entire southern wing of the Eastern Front of the Nazis was defeated, Soviet troops advanced 250-450 km, with efficiency, until then unknown in the world history of wars, crossed two mighty rivers - the Southern Bug and the Dniester, reached the southwestern borders of the USSR and moved the fighting abroad.
In April-May 1944, troops of the 4th Ukrainian front, a separate Primorsky Army (General A.I. Yeremenko), the Black Sea Fleet (Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky) and the Azov military flotilla(Rear Admiral ST. Gorshkov) broke through the enemy defenses in the Crimea and completely liberated him from the invaders. Especially fierce battles took place on the outskirts of Sevastopol. But if in 1941-1942 the Nazi troops took 250 days to capture the city, then in 1944 the Soviet troops did it in 5 days.
In the midst of an offensive operation in the summer, an offensive began in the western regions of Ukraine. The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front defeated the hostile army group "Northern Ukraine" and advanced over a distance of over 200 km in half a month. As a result of the Lvov-Sandomierz operation, Lvov, Peremishl, Stanislav (now Ivano-Frankivsk), Rava-Ruska were liberated. And as a result of the East Carpathian, Carpathian-Dukla and Carpathian-Uzhgorod operations (September 8-October 28), all the western regions of Ukraine and Transcarpathia were liberated.
Ukraine was completely liberated from the invaders. The liberation of Ukraine lasted almost two years. Ten fronts fought fierce battles for it, a separate Primorsky Army, the forces of the Black Sea Fleet, which accounted for almost half of the personnel and military equipment of the entire active army. The contribution of the Ukrainian people to the victory over fascism is invaluable.
Of the fifteen fronts that operated during the Great Patriotic War, more than half were led by marshals and generals, Ukrainians by origin. Among them: front commanders J.R. Apanasenko, M.P. Kirponos, S.K. Timoshenko, AL. Eremenko, I.D. Chernyakhovsky, R.Ya.Malinovsky, F.Ya.Kostenko, Ya.T. Cherevichenko. About 2.5 million Ukrainian soldiers were awarded orders and medals, over 2 million were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, of which I.M. Kozhedub.
From one hundred and fifteen twice Heroes of the Soviet Union - thirty-two are Ukrainians or natives of Ukraine. Of the four Heroes of the Soviet Union and, at the same time, full holders of the Order of Glory, two are Ukrainians. This is a Cherkasy resident I.G. Drachenko and Kherson P.Kh. Dubinda. Nearly 4 thousand fighters - representatives of 43 nationalities awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage and courage in battles on the territory of Ukraine.
The Ukrainian soldiers were the liberators of the peoples of Europe, they stormed Berlin, and the Ukrainian F.M. Zinchenko, Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the 756th Streltsy Regiment, was the first commandant of the Reichstag.
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© Oleksiy Anatolievich Kononenko - member of the National Union of Writers of Ukraine, laureate of the All-Ukrainian Ivan Ohienok Prize.
© Kononenko Viktor Anatolyevich - artist, laureate of international competitions, laureate of the All-Ukrainian Ivan Ohienok Prize.
Lyamtsev Vladimir Nikolaevich - candidate of economic sciences. Romanyuk Yury Grigorievich - Candidate of Historical Sciences.
Yasinovsky Valery Kirillovich - Master of Public Administration.
Misenko Petr Daniilovich - Colonel of the reserve.
Utevska Paola Vladimirovna! - a member of the National Union of Writers of Ukraine, a participant in the hostilities of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, holder of the Order of the Patriotic War II degree, the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" and many others; consultant reviewer.
Chukhriy Nikolai Konstantinovich - a participant in the hostilities of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, holder of the Order of Glory of the 3rd degree. Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, the Red Star, many medals; consultant reviewer.
All-Ukrainian Association "Derzhava"
The war demanded from the people the greatest exertion of strength and huge sacrifices on a national scale, revealed the steadfastness and courage of the Soviet man, the ability to sacrifice himself in the name of the freedom and independence of the Motherland. During the war years, heroism became widespread, became the norm for the behavior of Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers immortalized their names during the defense of the Brest Fortress, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kiev, Leningrad, Novorossiysk, in the battle of Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, in the North Caucasus, the Dnieper, in the foothills of the Carpathians, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles.
For heroic deeds in the Great Patriotic War, over 11 thousand people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (some of them posthumously), 104 of them twice, three three times (G.K. Zhukov, I.N. Kozhedub and A.I. Pokryshkin ). During the war years, this title was first awarded to Soviet pilots M.P. Zhukov, S.I. Zdorovtsev and P.T. Kharitonov, who rammed Nazi planes on the outskirts of Leningrad.
Total in war time v ground forces more than eight thousand heroes were brought up, including 1800 artillerymen, 1142 tankers, 650 engineering troops, over 290 signalmen, 93 air defense soldiers, 52 soldiers of the military rear, 44 doctors; in the Air Force - over 2400 people; in the Navy - over 500 people; partisans, underground workers and Soviet intelligence agents - about 400; border guards - over 150 people.
| Representatives of the nations | Number of heroes |
|---|---|
| Russians | 8160 |
| Ukrainians | 2069 |
| Belarusians | 309 |
| Tatars | 161 |
| Jews | 108 |
| Kazakhs | 96 |
| Georgian | 90 |
| Armenians | 90 |
| Uzbeks | 69 |
| Mordovians | 61 |
| Chuvash | 44 |
| Azerbaijanis | 43 |
| Bashkirs | 39 |
| Ossetians | 32 |
| Tajiks | 14 |
| Turkmens | 18 |
| Lithokians | 15 |
| Latvians | 13 |
| Kyrgyz | 12 |
| Udmurts | 10 |
| Karelians | 8 |
| Estonians | 8 |
| Kalmyks | 8 |
| Kabardians | 7 |
| Adyghe | 6 |
| Abkhazians | 5 |
| Yakuts | 3 |
| Moldovans | 2 |
| results | 11501 |
Among the military personnel awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, privates, sergeants, foremen - over 35%, officers - about 60%, generals, admirals, marshals - over 380 people. There are 87 women among the Wartime Heroes of the Soviet Union. The first to receive this title was Z. A. Kosmodemyanskaya (posthumously).
About 35% of the Heroes of the Soviet Union at the time of awarding the title were under the age of 30, 28% - from 30 to 40 years old, 9% - over 40 years old.
Four Heroes of the Soviet Union: artilleryman A. V. Aleshin, pilot I. G. Drachenko, commander of a rifle platoon P. Kh. Dubinda, artilleryman N. I. Kuznetsov - were also awarded Orders of Glory of all three degrees for military exploits. More than 2,500 people, including 4 women, became full holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees. During the war, over 38 million orders and medals were awarded to the defenders of the Motherland for courage and heroism. The motherland highly appreciated the labor feat of the Soviet people in the rear. During the war years, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to 201 people, about 200 thousand were awarded orders and medals.
Born September 18, 1918 in the village. Teplovka, Volsky district, Saratov region. Russian. After graduating from the factory school, he worked at the Moscow meat processing plant, at the same time he studied at the flying club. He graduated from the Borisoglebokoe military aviation school for pilots. He took part in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. He made 47 sorties, shot down 4 Finnish aircraft, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star (1940).
In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. Made more than 60 sorties. In the summer and autumn of 1941, he fought near Moscow. For military distinctions he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1941) and the Order of Lenin.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal was awarded to Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 8, 1941 for the first night ramming of an enemy bomber in the history of aviation.
Soon Talalikhin was appointed squadron commander, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant. The glorious pilot participated in many air battles near Moscow, shot down five more enemy aircraft personally and one in a group. He died a heroic death in an unequal battle with Nazi fighters on October 27, 1941.
Buried V.V. Talalikhin with military honors at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated August 30, 1948, he was forever enrolled in the lists of the first squadron of the fighter aviation regiment, in which he fought the enemy near Moscow.
Streets in Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Borisoglebsk, Voronezh region and other cities, a sea vessel, GPTU No. 100 in Moscow, and a number of schools were named after Talalikhin. An obelisk was erected on the 43rd kilometer of the Varshavskoye Highway, over which an unprecedented night duel took place. A monument was erected in Podolsk, in Moscow - a bust of the Hero.
(1920-1991), air marshal (1985), Hero of the Soviet Union (1944 - twice; 1945). During the Great Patriotic War in fighter aviation, the squadron commander, deputy regiment commander, conducted 120 air battles; shot down 62 aircraft.
Three times Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub on La-7 shot down 17 enemy aircraft (including the Me-262 jet fighter) out of 62 shot down by him during the war on La fighters. One of the most memorable battles Kozhedub fought on February 19, 1945 (sometimes the date is February 24).
On this day, he flew out on a free hunt paired with Dmitry Titarenko. On the traverse of the Oder, the pilots noticed an aircraft rapidly approaching from the direction of Frankfurt an der Oder. The plane was flying along the riverbed at an altitude of 3500 m at a speed much greater than the La-7 could develop. It was Me-262. Kozhedub instantly made a decision. The Me-262 pilot relied on the speed qualities of his car and did not control the airspace in the rear hemisphere and below. Kozhedub attacked from below on a head-on course, hoping to hit the jet in the belly. However, Titarenko opened fire before Kozhedub. To the considerable surprise of Kozhedub, the premature firing of the wingman was beneficial.
The German turned to the left, towards Kozhedub, the latter had only to catch the Messerschmitt in the sight and press the trigger. Me-262 turned into fire ball. In the cockpit of the Me 262 was non-commissioned officer Kurt-Lange from 1. / KG (J) -54.
On the evening of April 17, 1945, Kozhedub and Titarenko flew their fourth combat sortie to the Berlin area in a day. Immediately after crossing the front line north of Berlin, the hunters discovered large group FW-190 with suspended bombs. Kozhedub began to gain altitude for the attack and reported to the command post about establishing contact with a group of forty Focke-Vulvof with suspended bombs. German pilots clearly saw how a pair of Soviet fighters went into the clouds and did not expect that they would appear again. However, the hunters showed up.
Behind from the top, in the first attack, Kozhedub shot down the leader of the four fokkers that closed the group. The hunters sought to give the enemy the impression of being in the air significant amount Soviet fighters. Kozhedub threw his La-7 right into the thick of the enemy aircraft, turning Lavochkin left and right, the ace fired cannons in short bursts. The Germans succumbed to the trick - the Focke-Wulfs began to free them from bombs that prevented air combat. However, the Luftwaffe pilots soon established the presence of only two La-7s in the air and, taking advantage of the numerical advantage, took the guards into circulation. One FW-190 managed to get into the tail of the Kozhedub fighter, but Titarenko opened fire before the German pilot - the Focke-Wulf exploded in the air.
By this time, help had arrived - the La-7 group from the 176th regiment, Titarenko and Kozhedub were able to get out of the battle on the last remaining fuel. On the way back, Kozhedub saw a single FW-190, which was still trying to drop bombs on Soviet troops. Ace dived and shot down an enemy plane. It was the last, 62nd, German aircraft shot down by the best Allied fighter pilot.
Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub also distinguished himself in the Battle of Kursk.
Kozhedub's total score does not include at least two aircraft - American R-51 Mustang fighters. In one of the battles in April, Kozhedub tried to drive off German fighters from the American Flying Fortress with cannon fire. US Air Force escort fighters misunderstood the intentions of the La-7 pilot and opened barrage fire from a long distance. Kozhedub, apparently, also mistook the Mustangs for Messers, left the fire with a coup and, in turn, attacked the “enemy”.
He damaged one Mustang (the plane, smoking, left the battlefield and, after flying a little, fell, the pilot jumped out with a parachute), the second R-51 exploded in the air. Only after a successful attack did Kozhedub notice the white stars of the US Air Force on the wings and fuselages of the planes he shot down. After landing, the regiment commander, Colonel Chupikov, advised Kozhedub to keep quiet about the incident and gave him the developed film of the photo-machine gun. The existence of a film with footage of burning Mustangs became known only after the death of the legendary pilot. Detailed biography of the hero on the website: www.warheroes.ru "Unknown Heroes"
Maresyev Aleksey Petrovich fighter pilot, deputy squadron commander of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Guards Senior Lieutenant.
Born on May 20, 1916 in the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd Region, in a working class family. Russian. At the age of three, he was left without a father, who died shortly after returning from the First World War. After graduating from 8th grade high school Alexey entered the FZU, where he received the specialty of a locksmith. Then he applied to the Moscow Aviation Institute, but instead of the institute, he went to build Komsomolsk-on-Amur instead of the institute on a Komsomol ticket. There he sawed wood in the taiga, built barracks, and then the first residential quarters. At the same time he studied at the flying club. He was drafted into the Soviet army in 1937. He served in the 12th Aviation Border Detachment. But, according to Maresyev himself, he did not fly, but "wafted his tails" at the planes. He really took to the air already at the Bataysk Military Aviation Pilot School, which he graduated in 1940. He served as a flight instructor.
He made his first sortie on August 23, 1941 in the Krivoy Rog region. Lieutenant Maresyev opened a combat account at the beginning of 1942 - he shot down a Ju-52. By the end of March 1942, he brought the number of downed Nazi aircraft to four. On April 4, in an air battle over the Demyansky bridgehead (Novgorod region), Maresyev's fighter was shot down. He tried to land on the ice of a frozen lake, but released the landing gear early. The plane began to quickly lose altitude and fell into the forest.
Maresyev crawled to his own. He had frostbite on his feet and had to be amputated. However, the pilot decided not to give up. When he got the prostheses, he trained long and hard and got permission to return to duty. He learned to fly again in the 11th reserve aviation brigade in Ivanovo.
In June 1943, Maresyev returned to service. He fought on the Kursk Bulge as part of the 63rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, was a deputy squadron commander. In August 1943, during one battle, Alexei Maresyev shot down three enemy FW-190 fighters at once.
On August 24, 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Senior Lieutenant Maresyev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Later he fought in the Baltic States, became a regiment navigator. In 1944 he joined the CPSU. In total, he made 86 sorties, shot down 11 enemy aircraft: 4 before being wounded and seven with amputated legs. In June 1944, Major Maresyev of the Guards became an inspector-pilot of the Office of Higher educational institutions Air Force. The legendary fate of Alexei Petrovich Maresyev is the subject of Boris Polevoy's book "The Tale of a Real Man".
In July 1946, Maresyev was honorably discharged from the Air Force. In 1952 he graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, in 1956 - postgraduate studies at the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, received the title of candidate of historical sciences. In the same year, he became the executive secretary of the Soviet Committee of War Veterans, in 1983 - the first deputy chairman of the committee. In this position, he worked until last day own life.
Retired Colonel A.P. Maresyev was awarded two Orders of Lenin, Orders of the October Revolution, Red Banner, Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Orders of Friendship of Peoples, Red Star, Badge of Honor, "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3rd degree, medals, foreign orders. He was an honorary soldier of a military unit, an honorary citizen of the cities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Kamyshin, Orel. A small planet is named after him solar system, public fund, youth patriotic clubs. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Author of the book "On the Kursk Bulge" (M., 1960).
Even during the war, Boris Polevoy's book "The Tale of a Real Man" was published, the prototype of which was Maresyev (the author changed only one letter in his last name). In 1948, director Alexander Stolper shot a film of the same name based on the book at Mosfilm. Maresyev was even offered to play himself leading role, but he refused and this role was played by a professional actor Pavel Kadochnikov.
He died suddenly on May 18, 2001. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery. On May 18, 2001, a gala evening was scheduled at the Theater of the Russian Army on the occasion of Maresyev's 85th birthday, but an hour before the start, Alexei Petrovich had a heart attack. He was taken to the intensive care unit of a Moscow clinic, where he died without regaining consciousness. The gala evening nevertheless took place, but it began with a moment of silence.
Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich was born on July 23, 1923 in the village of Pokrovka, Chernushinsky district. In May 1941, he volunteered for the Soviet Army. For a year he studied at the Balashov Aviation School of Pilots. In November 1942, attack pilot Sergei Krasnoperov arrived in the 765th assault aviation regiment, and in January 1943 he was appointed deputy squadron commander of the 502nd assault aviation regiment of the 214th assault air division of the North Caucasian Front. In this regiment in June 1943 he joined the ranks of the party. For military distinctions he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded on February 4, 1944. Killed in action June 24, 1944. "March 14, 1943. Attack pilot Sergei Krasnoperov makes two sorties one after another to attack the port of Temrkzh. Leading six" silts ", he set fire to a boat at the pier of the port. In the second flight, an enemy shell hit the engine. A bright flame for a moment, like it seemed to Krasnoperov, the sun eclipsed and immediately disappeared in thick black smoke. Krasnoperov turned off the ignition, turned off the gas and tried to fly the plane to the front line. However, after a few minutes it became clear that it would not be possible to save the plane. And under the wing - a solid swamp. There is only one way out As soon as the burning car touched the marsh bumps with its fuselage, the pilot barely had time to jump out of it and run a little to the side, an explosion rumbled.
A few days later, Krasnoperov was back in the air, and in the combat log of the flight commander of the 502nd assault aviation regiment, junior lieutenant Krasnoperov Sergey Leonidovich, a brief entry appeared: "03/23/43". With two sorties, he destroyed a convoy in the area of \u200b\u200bst. Crimean. Destroyed vehicles - 1, created fires - 2 ". On April 4, Krasnoperov stormed manpower and firepower in the region of a height of 204.3 meters. On the next flight, he stormed artillery and firing points in the area of Krymskaya station. At the same time, he destroyed two tanks, one gun and mortar.
One day, a junior lieutenant received a task for a free flight in pairs. He was leading. Covertly, on a low-level flight, a pair of "silts" penetrated deep into the rear of the enemy. They noticed cars on the road - they attacked them. They discovered a concentration of troops - and suddenly brought down destructive fire on the heads of the Nazis. The Germans unloaded ammunition and weapons from a self-propelled barge. Combat entry - the barge flew into the air. The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Smirnov, wrote about Sergei Krasnoperov: “Such heroic deeds of Comrade Krasnoperov are repeated in every sortie. The pilots of his flight became masters of the assault business. created for himself military glory, enjoys well-deserved military authority among the personnel of the regiment. And indeed. Sergei was only 19 years old, and for his exploits he had already been awarded the Order of the Red Star. He was only 20 years old, and his chest was adorned with the Golden Star of a Hero.
Seventy-four sorties were made by Sergei Krasnoperov during the days of fighting on the Taman Peninsula. As one of the best, he was entrusted 20 times to lead a group of "silts" to attack, and he always carried out a combat mission. He personally destroyed 6 tanks, 70 vehicles, 35 wagons with cargo, 10 guns, 3 mortars, 5 points of anti-aircraft artillery, 7 machine guns, 3 tractors, 5 bunkers, an ammunition depot, a boat, a self-propelled barge were sunk, two crossings across the Kuban were destroyed.
Matrosov Alexander Matveyevich - rifleman of the 2nd battalion of the 91st separate rifle brigade (22nd Army, Kalinin Front), private. Born February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). Russian. Member of the Komsomol. He lost his parents early. 5 years was brought up in the Ivanovo orphanage (Ulyanovsk region). Then he was brought up in the Ufa children's labor colony. At the end of the 7th grade, he remained to work in the colony as an assistant teacher. In the Red Army since September 1942. In October 1942 he entered the Krasnokholmsk Infantry School, but soon most of the cadets were sent to the Kalinin Front.
In the army since November 1942. He served in the 2nd Battalion of the 91st Separate Rifle Brigade. For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of \u200b\u200bthe Big Lomovaty Bor. Right from the march, the brigade entered the battle.
On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a stronghold near the village of Chernushki (Loknyansky district, Pskov region). As soon as our soldiers passed through the forest and reached the edge of the forest, they came under heavy enemy machine gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to shell the entire hollow in front of the village. Efforts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then, in the direction of the bunker, Private A.M. Matrosov crawled. He approached the embrasure from the flank and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters went on the attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov got up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the combat mission of the unit.
A few days later, the name of Matrosov became known throughout the country. The feat of Matrosov was used by a journalist who happened to be with the unit for a patriotic article. At the same time, the regiment commander learned about the feat from the newspapers. Moreover, the date of the death of the hero was moved to February 23, coinciding the feat with the day of the Soviet Army. Despite the fact that Matrosov was not the first to perform such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify heroism. Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over 300 people performed the same feat, but this was no longer widely reported. His feat has become a symbol of courage and military prowess, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Matveyevich Matrosov was posthumously awarded on June 19, 1943. He was buried in the city of Velikiye Luki. On September 8, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, he himself was forever enrolled (one of the first in the Soviet Army) in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. Monuments to the Hero were erected in Ufa, Velikiye Luki, Ulyanovsk, etc. The Museum of Komsomol Glory in the city of Velikiye Luki, streets, schools, pioneer squads, motor ships, collective farms and state farms bore his name.
In the battles near Volokolamsk, the 316th Infantry Division of General I.V. Panfilov. Reflecting continuous enemy attacks for 6 days, they knocked out 80 tanks and destroyed several hundred soldiers and officers. Enemy attempts to capture the Volokolamsk region and open the way to Moscow from the west failed. For heroic actions, this formation was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and transformed into the 8th Guards, and its commander, General I.V. Panfilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was not lucky enough to witness the complete defeat of the enemy near Moscow: on November 18, near the village of Gusenevo, he died a heroic death.
Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov, Major General of the Guards, commander of the 8th Guards Rifle Division of the Red Banner (former 316th) Division, was born on January 1, 1893 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov Region. Russian. Member of the CPSU since 1920. From the age of 12 he worked for hire, in 1915 he was drafted into the tsarist army. In the same year he was sent to the Russian-German front. Voluntarily joined the Red Army in 1918. He was enrolled in the 1st Saratov Infantry Regiment of the 25th Chapaev Division. Participated in the civil war, fought against Dutov, Kolchak, Denikin and the White Poles. After the war, he graduated from the two-year Kiev United Infantry School and was assigned to the Central Asian Military District. He took part in the fight against the Basmachi.
The Great Patriotic War found Major General Panfilov at the post of military commissar of the Kyrgyz Republic. Having formed the 316th rifle division, he went with it to the front and in October - November 1941 fought near Moscow. For military distinctions he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner (1921, 1929) and the medal "XX Years of the Red Army".
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was awarded posthumously on April 12, 1942 for his skillful leadership of division units in the battles on the outskirts of Moscow and his personal courage and heroism.
In the first half of October 1941, the 316th Division arrived in the 16th Army and took up defensive positions on a wide front on the outskirts of Volokolamsk. General Panfilov was the first to widely use the system of in-depth artillery anti-tank defense, created and skillfully used mobile barrier detachments in battle. Thanks to this, the stamina of our troops increased significantly, and all attempts by the 5th German Army Corps to break through the defenses were unsuccessful. Within seven days, the division, together with the cadet regiment S.I. Mladentseva and dedicated units of anti-tank artillery successfully repelled enemy attacks.
Attaching great importance to the capture of Volokolamsk, the Nazi command sent another motorized corps into the area. Only under pressure from superior enemy forces, parts of the division were forced to leave Volokolamsk at the end of October and take up defenses east of the city.
On November 16, fascist troops launched a second "general" offensive against Moscow. A fierce battle broke out near Volokolamsk again. On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, 28 Panfilov soldiers under the command of political instructor V.G. Klochkov repelled the attack of enemy tanks, and held the occupied line. The enemy tanks also failed to break through in the direction of the villages of Mykanino and Strokovo. The division of General Panfilov firmly held its positions, its soldiers fought to the death.
For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command, the mass heroism of the personnel, the 316th division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on November 17, 1941, and the next day it was transformed into the 8th Guards Rifle Division.
Nikolai Frantsevich was born on May 6, 1908 in Moscow, in a working-class family. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the Murom Locomotive Plant of Construction Machines. In the Soviet Army in May 1932. In 1933 he graduated from the Lugansk military pilot school in bomber units. In 1939 he participated in the battles on the river. Khalkhin - Gol and the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. In the army since June 1941, the squadron commander of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment (42nd bomber aviation division, 3rd bomber aviation corps DBA), Captain Gastello, on June 26, 1941, carried out another flight on a mission. His bomber was hit and caught fire. He directed the burning aircraft at a concentration of enemy troops. From the explosion of the bomber, the enemy suffered heavy losses. For the accomplished feat on July 26, 1941, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Gastello's name is forever listed in the lists of military units. On the site of the feat on the Minsk-Vilnius highway, a memorial monument was erected in Moscow.
Zoya Anatolyevna ["Tanya" (09/13/1923 - 11/29/1941)] - Soviet partisan, Hero of the Soviet Union was born in Osino-Gai, Gavrilovsky district, Tambov region, in the family of an employee. In 1930 the family moved to Moscow. 
She graduated from 9 classes of school number 201. 
In October 1941, the Komsomol member Kosmodemyanskaya voluntarily joined a special partisan detachment, acting on instructions from the headquarters of the Western Front in the Mozhaisk direction.
Twice sent to the rear of the enemy. At the end of November 1941, while performing the second combat mission in the area of the village of Petrishchevo (Russian district of the Moscow region), she was captured by the Nazis. Despite severe torture, she did not give out military secrets, did not give her name.
On November 29, she was hanged by the Nazis. Her devotion to the Motherland, courage and selflessness have become an inspiring example in the fight against the enemy. On February 6, 1942, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Manshuk Mametova was born in 1922 in the Urdinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region. Manshuk's parents died early, and the five-year-old girl was adopted by her aunt Amina Mametova. Childhood Manshuk passed in Almaty.
When the Great Patriotic War began, Manshuk studied at the medical institute and at the same time worked in the secretariat of the Council of People's Commissars of the republic. In August 1942, she voluntarily joined the Red Army and went to the front. In the unit where Manshuk arrived, she was left as a clerk at the headquarters. But the young patriot decided to become a front line fighter, and a month later Senior Sergeant Mametova was transferred to the rifle battalion of the 21st Guards Rifle Division.
Short, but bright, like a flashing star, was her life. Manshuk died in the battle for the honor and freedom of her native country, when she was in her twenty-first year and had just joined the party. The short battle path of the glorious daughter of the Kazakh people ended with an immortal feat accomplished by her near the walls of the ancient Russian city of Nevel.
On October 16, 1943, the battalion in which Manshuk Mametova served was ordered to repulse the enemy's counterattack. As soon as the Nazis tried to repulse the attack, the machine gun of Senior Sergeant Mametova started working. The Nazis rolled back, leaving hundreds of corpses. Several violent attacks of the Nazis have already choked at the foot of the hill. Suddenly, the girl noticed that two neighboring machine guns fell silent - the machine gunners were killed. Then Manshuk, quickly crawling from one firing point to another, began to fire at the pressing enemies from three machine guns.
The enemy transferred mortar fire to the positions of the resourceful girl. A close explosion of a heavy mine overturned a machine gun, behind which lay Manshuk. Wounded in the head, the machine gunner lost consciousness for a while, but the triumphant cries of the approaching Nazis forced her to wake up. Instantly moving to a nearby machine gun, Manshuk lashed the chains of fascist warriors with a lead shower. And again the enemy attack choked. This ensured the successful advance of our units, but the girl from distant Urda remained lying on the hillside. Her fingers froze on the Maxim trigger.
On March 1, 1944, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Senior Sergeant Manshuk Zhiengaliyevna Mametova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Aliya Moldagulova was born on April 20, 1924 in the village of Bulak, Khobdinsky district, Aktobe region. After the death of her parents, she was brought up by her uncle Aubakir Moldagulov. With his family, she moved from city to city. She studied at the 9th secondary school in Leningrad. In the fall of 1942, Aliya Moldagulova joined the army and was sent to a sniper school. In May 1943, Aliya submitted a report to the school command with a request to send her to the front. Aliya ended up in the 3rd company of the 4th battalion of the 54th rifle brigade under the command of Major Moiseev.
By the beginning of October, Aliya Moldagulova had 32 dead fascists on her account.
In December 1943, Moiseev's battalion was ordered to drive the enemy out of the village of Kazachikha. By capturing this settlement, the Soviet command hoped to cut the railway line along which the Nazis were transferring reinforcements. The Nazis fiercely resisted, skillfully using the benefits of the area. The slightest advance of our companies came at a heavy price, and yet slowly but steadily our fighters approached the enemy's fortifications. Suddenly, a lone figure appeared ahead of the advancing chains.
Suddenly, a lone figure appeared ahead of the advancing chains. The Nazis noticed the brave warrior and opened fire from machine guns. Catching the moment when the fire weakened, the fighter rose to his full height and dragged the entire battalion with him.
After a fierce battle, our fighters took possession of the height. The daredevil lingered in the trench for some time. There were traces of pain on his pale face, and strands of black hair broke out from under his cap with earflaps. It was Aliya Moldagulova. She destroyed 10 fascists in this battle. The wound was light, and the girl remained in the ranks.
In an effort to restore the situation, the enemy rushed into counterattacks. On January 14, 1944, a group of enemy soldiers managed to break into our trenches. A hand-to-hand fight ensued. Aliya mowed down the Nazis with well-aimed bursts of the machine gun. Suddenly, she instinctively felt danger behind her back. She turned sharply, but it was too late: the German officer fired first. Gathering the last of her strength, Aliya threw up her machine gun and the Nazi officer fell to the frozen ground...
The wounded Aliya was carried out by her comrades from the battlefield. The fighters wanted to believe in a miracle, and they offered blood to save the girl. But the wound was fatal.
On June 4, 1944, Corporal Aliya Moldagulova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sevastyanov Aleksey Tikhonovich, flight commander of the 26th Fighter Aviation Regiment (7th Fighter Aviation Corps, Leningrad Air Defense Zone), junior lieutenant. Born on February 16, 1917 in the village of Kholm, now the Likhoslavl district of the Tver (Kalinin) region. Russian. Graduated from the Kalinin Carriage Building College. In the Red Army since 1936. In 1939 he graduated from the Kachin Military Aviation School.
Member of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. In total, during the war years, junior lieutenant Sevastyanov A.T. made more than 100 sorties, shot down 2 enemy aircraft personally (one of them by ramming), 2 - in a group and an observation balloon.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexei Tikhonovich Sevastyanov was awarded posthumously on June 6, 1942.
On November 4, 1941, junior lieutenant Sevastyanov on an Il-153 aircraft patrolled on the outskirts of Leningrad. At about 22.00, an enemy air raid on the city began. Despite the fire of anti-aircraft artillery, one He-111 bomber managed to break through to Leningrad. Sevastyanov attacked the enemy, but missed. He went on the attack a second time and opened fire at close range, but again missed. Sevastyanov attacked for the third time. Coming close, he pressed the trigger, but there were no shots - the cartridges ran out. In order not to miss the enemy, he decided to go for a ram. Approaching behind the "Heinkel", he chopped off his tail with a screw. Then he left the damaged fighter and landed by parachute. The bomber crashed in the Tauride Garden area. The crew members who jumped out on parachutes were taken prisoner. The fallen Sevastyanov fighter was found in Baskov lane and restored by specialists of the 1st Rembaza.
April 23, 1942 Sevastyanov A.T. died in an unequal air battle, defending the "Road of Life" across Ladoga (shot down 2.5 km from the village of Rakhya, Vsevolozhsk district; a monument was erected in this place). He was buried in Leningrad at the Chesme cemetery. Forever enrolled in the lists of the military unit. A street in St. Petersburg, the House of Culture in the village of Pervitino, Likhoslavl District, are named after him. The documentary "Heroes Don't Die" is dedicated to his feat.
Matveev Vladimir Ivanovich Squadron commander of the 154th Fighter Aviation Regiment (39th Fighter Aviation Division, Northern Front) - captain. Born October 27, 1911 in St. Petersburg in a working class family. Russian Member of the CPSU(b) since 1938. Graduated from 5 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the factory "Red October". In the Red Army since 1930. In 1931 he graduated from the Leningrad military-theoretical school of pilots, in 1933 - Borisoglebsk military aviation school of pilots. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War at the front. Captain Matveev V.I. On July 8, 1941, when repelling an enemy air raid on Leningrad, having used up all the ammunition, he used a ram: he cut off the tail of a Nazi aircraft with the end of the plane of his MiG-3. An enemy plane crashed near the village of Malyutino. He successfully landed at his airport. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal was awarded to Vladimir Ivanovich Matveev on July 22, 1941.
Killed in air combat January 1, 1942, covering the "Road of Life" on Ladoga. Buried in Leningrad.
Sergei Polyakov was born in 1908 in Moscow into a working-class family. He graduated from 7 classes of incomplete secondary school. Since 1930 in the Red Army, he graduated from the military aviation school. Member of the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939. In air battles, he shot down 5 Franco aircraft. 
Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. The commander of the 174th Assault Aviation Regiment, Major S.N. Polyakov, made 42 sorties, inflicting precise strikes on airfields, equipment and manpower of the enemy, while destroying 42 and damaging 35 aircraft.
On December 23, 1941, he died while performing the next combat mission. On February 10, 1943, for courage and courage shown in battles with enemies, Sergey Nikolaevich Polyakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). For the period of service he was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner (twice), the Red Star, and medals. He was buried in the village of Agalatovo, Vsevolozhsk district, Leningrad region.
Luka Muravitsky was born on December 31, 1916 in the village of Dolgoe, now the Soligorsk district of the Minsk region, into a peasant family. He graduated from 6 classes and school FZU. Worked on the subway in Moscow. Graduated from the Aeroclub. In the Soviet Army since 1937. He graduated from the Borisoglebsk military school for pilots in 1939. B.ZYu 
Member of the Great Patriotic War since July 1941. Junior Lieutenant Muravitsky began his combat activity as part of the 29th IAP of the Moscow Military District. This regiment met the war on outdated I-153 fighters. Sufficiently maneuverable, they were inferior to enemy aircraft in speed and firepower. Analyzing the first air battles, the pilots came to the conclusion that they needed to abandon the pattern of straight-line attacks, and fight on turns, in dives, on a "hill" when their "Seagull" gained additional speed. At the same time, it was decided to switch to flights in twos, abandoning the link of three aircraft established by the official position.
The very first flights of "twos" showed their clear advantage. So, at the end of July, Alexander Popov, paired with Luka Muravitsky, returning after escorting the bombers, met with six Messers. Our pilots were the first to attack and shot down the leader of the enemy group. Stunned by the sudden blow, the Nazis hurried to get out.
On each of his planes, Luka Muravitsky painted the inscription “For Anya” on the fuselage with white paint. The pilots at first laughed at him, and the authorities ordered the inscription to be erased. But before each new flight, on the fuselage of the aircraft on the starboard side again appeared - "For Anya" ... No one knew who this Anya was, whom Luka remembers even going into battle ...
Once, before a sortie, the regiment commander ordered Muravitsky to immediately erase the inscription and more so that it would not happen again! Then Luka told the commander that this was his beloved girl, who worked with him at the Metrostroy, studied at the flying club, that she loved him, they were going to get married, but ... She crashed jumping from an airplane. The parachute did not open... Even if she did not die in battle, Luka continued, but she was preparing to become an air fighter, to defend her Motherland. The commander relented.
Participating in the defense of Moscow, the commander of the 29th IAP, Luka Muravitsky, achieved brilliant results. He was distinguished not only by sober calculation and courage, but also by his willingness to do anything to defeat the enemy. So on September 3, 1941, acting on Western front, he rammed an enemy He-111 reconnaissance aircraft and made a safe landing on the damaged aircraft. At the beginning of the war, we had few planes, and that day Muravitsky had to fly alone - to cover the railway station, where an echelon with ammunition was being unloaded. Fighters, as a rule, flew in pairs, but here - one ...
At first everything went smoothly. The lieutenant vigilantly watched the air around the station, but as you can see, if there are multi-layered clouds overhead, rain. When Muravitsky was making a U-turn over the outskirts of the station, he saw a German reconnaissance aircraft in the gap between the tiers of clouds. Luka sharply increased the engine speed and rushed across the Heinkel-111. The Lieutenant's attack was unexpected, the "Heinkel" had not yet had time to open fire, as a machine-gun burst pierced the enemy, and he, descending steeply, began to flee. Muravitsky caught up with the Heinkel, opened fire on it again, and suddenly the machine gun fell silent. The pilot reloaded, but apparently ran out of ammunition. And then Muravitsky decided to ram the enemy.
He increased the speed of the plane - "Heinkel" is getting closer and closer. The Nazis are already visible in the cockpit ... Without reducing speed, Muravitsky approaches almost close to the Nazi aircraft and hits the tail with a propeller. The jerk and propeller of the fighter cut through the metal of the tail unit of the Non-111 ... The enemy plane crashed into the ground behind the railroad tracks in a wasteland. Luca also hit his head hard on the dashboard, aim and lost consciousness. I woke up - the plane falls to the ground in a tailspin. Gathering all his strength, the pilot with difficulty stopped the rotation of the machine and brought it out of a steep dive. He could not fly further and had to land the car at the station...
Having healed, Muravitsky returned to his regiment. And again fights. The flight commander flew into battle several times a day. He was eager to fight and again, as before the injury, the fuselage of his fighter was carefully displayed: "For Anya." By the end of September, the brave pilot already had about 40 air victories, won personally and as part of a group.
Soon one of the squadrons of the 29th IAP, which included Luka Muravitsky, was transferred to the Leningrad Front to reinforce the 127th IAP. The main task of this regiment was to escort transport aircraft along the Ladoga highway, cover their landing, loading and unloading. Acting as part of the 127th IAP, Senior Lieutenant Muravitsky shot down 3 more enemy aircraft. On October 22, 1941, Muravitsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command, for the courage and bravery shown in battle. By this time, 14 enemy aircraft were already downed on his personal account.
On November 30, 1941, the flight commander of the 127th IAP, Senior Lieutenant Maravitsky, died in an unequal air battle defending Leningrad ... The general result of his combat activities, in various sources, is evaluated differently. The most common figure is 47 (10 victories won personally and 37 as part of a group), less often - 49 (12 personally and 37 in a group). However, all these figures do not fit in with the figure of personal victories - 14, given above. Moreover, in one of the publications it is generally stated that Luka Muravitsky won his last victory in May 1945, over Berlin. Unfortunately, exact data is not yet available.
Luka Zakharovich Muravitsky was buried in the village of Kapitolovo, Vsevolozhsk District Leningrad region. A street in the village of Dolgoye is named after him.
On June 6, 2014, the invitation of the new head of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, by the President of France, Hollande, caused fierce discussions between Ukrainian and Russian bloggers and users of social networks Odnoklassniki and Vkontakte about the "legitimacy" and "expediency" of such a step on the part of the EU, as stated by analysts. This is not surprising, because for the majority of Russians, victory in that difficult and terrible war is associated primarily with the role of Russia and Russian soldiers as "victors of fascism" and "liberators of Europe from Nazism."
"What does Ukraine have to do with the celebration of the leading states of the anti-Hitler coalition?"- here and there, indignant Russian bloggers write.
Such sentiments of Russians are due to the statement of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, who on December 16, 2010 directly stated that Russia could have won the Great Patriotic War without Ukraine. “We would have won anyway, because we are a country of winners,” Putin said, advising to pay attention to the statistics as evidence, namely that the RSFSR suffered the greatest losses then (70% of losses), which means that the war was won for account of the resources of the Russian Federation," the President of the Russian Federation is sure.
What then is the role of Ukraine, if the remaining 30% is divided into 100 nationalities of the USSR and why then the presidents of Russia and Ukraine were invited to France, analysts of the sections "News of Russia" and "News of Ukraine" of the magazine of investors "Market Leader" understood.
According to Ukrainian historians, victory in the Great Patriotic War
1. It is monopolized by modern Russia, although the victory was won by the entire USSR and the Soviet people. It was a joint victory in the war against fascism, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, Kazakhs and Georgians, Armenians and Uzbeks, Kyrgyz and Turkmens, Armenians and Crimean Tatars, as the indigenous people of Ukraine (5 Heroes of the Soviet Union and one twice Hero of the USSR), Lithuanians (15 Heroes of the Soviet Union) etc. This is precisely what is a historical fact or an axiom of history that does not require proof, as Ukrainian historians say.
2. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 gave rise to many problems, when every independent state now has to select "its own heroes", although on the battlefield they fought together against the Nazi (Italian, Romanian, etc.) invaders, defending their homeland of the USSR. Such a "selection" is necessary so that every nation (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.) knows and remembers the heroes of its state, can erect monuments and memorial plaques to them in the settlements where these glorious warriors were born, who became the pride of their countries and the entire former USSR.
If we apply such an approach (and not just the number of military casualties, as Putin did), many interesting patterns about the role of each of the nations of the former Soviet Union in the fight against fascism, and the answer to the question: why it was absolutely natural to invite two presidents of two states at once - the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and not one to the celebrations in France.
Numbers speak best of all about the role of Ukrainians during the Great Patriotic War:
- 33%, or one of the three three times Heroes of the Soviet Union, during the war years, originally from Ukraine (Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub was born in the Glukhovsky district of the Sumy region of Ukraine), Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov and Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin come from modern Russia;
- "25% of twice Heroes of the Soviet Union - originally from Ukraine is another important discovery made by historians," the Market Leader reports. Out of 101 people who received the title twice Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II:
* 66% or 67 people were born on the territory of the modern Russian Federation;
* about 25% or 26 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union come from modern Ukraine;
* about 4% or 4 people from Belarus;
* one person each from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania and Poland.
Note: out of 154 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, only those who received two Hero stars no later than 1945 were selected (including mass awarding in the Kremlin on June 26, 1945). Born in Kazakhstan, Beda Leonid Ignatievich, a Ukrainian by nationality, is in the column twice Heroes of the Soviet Union of residents of Kazakhstan.
"History has long been turned into an instrument of ideology", - bitterly state our experts. Take a look at the data from Wikipedia on the twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, born in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, and you will be surprised to find that they are ... Russians. So,
* the legendary tanker Yosif Iraklevich Gusakovsky was born in the Mogilev province ... of the Russian Empire. The fact that these are the territories of the sovereign state of Belarus, Wikipedia is bashfully silent. Although Ivan Ignatievich Yakubovsky indicates the state - the Republic of Belarus.
* Stepan Elizarovich Artemenko (one of the few front-line infantrymen who went from private in August 1941 to regiment commander in May 1945) was born in the village. Ratsulovo near the city of Odessa, all the same Russian Empire.
* Ivan Nikiforovich Boyko - in the village of Zhornitsa, Vinitsa district of the Russian Empire (not a word is said on Wikipedia that this is the territory of modern Ukraine).
Even more amazing place of birthMarshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. It turns out that the city of Warsaw, the Kingdom of Poland, the Russian Empire, Wikipedia points out. Like this: "the city of Warsaw, Russia" - any Russian patriot should read if he wants to study the biography of one of the most talented, according to Stalin, Soviet marshals-commanders. “And how to explain to modern Russian youth how a Pole could become an “outstanding commander” of the USSR, who was sincerely respected and loved by his fighters, including Russians by nationality,” Polish experts commented.
1. If you apply not one (as the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin), but four criteria(the number of marshals, Heroes of the Soviet Union, twice and thrice Heroes), one can be surprised to find a pattern that emphasizes the very significant and significant role of Ukraine in the victory in World War II as part of the Soviet Union.
2. "Of course, this topic needs further objective and comprehensive research by professional historians according to dozens of other criteria", - experts say, but today the order of numbers in which
* the role of Russia in the Great Patriotic War - an average of about 65.5%;
* the role of Ukraine - about 25.3%
* the role of Belarus - about 2.8%
* the role of the other 12 former Soviet republics is about 6.4%.
3. "These figures (Russia - 65.5%, Ukraine - 25.3%) convincingly prove the significant role of Ukraine in the Great Patriotic War and refute any unscientific fabrications of the "alternative history" fantasy genre popular in the Russian Federation that during the war years Russia could have won the war without Ukraine, which made an even more significant contribution to the victory than the other 13 union republics of the Soviet Union (except for the RSFSR) , which can be seen from the table," experts say.
4. Ukraine must protect its heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the face of falsifications that have begun, including from a number of those unscrupulous "history lovers" who shamelessly attribute Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles to "Russians" on Wikipedia, which has recently become the most popular source of information on the Internet.
5. The provocative reports of a number of Russian media about "fascism in Ukraine" are blasphemy of those who wants to shut up and belittle the very significant role of the Ukrainian nation in the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War. These falsifiers are silent not only about the exploits of the Ukrainian people in the Second World War, they do not name them (according to which there is no and cannot be fascism in Europe, including in Ukraine), but they are also silent about the care of the government of Ukraine and modern Ukrainians about monuments and steles of war veterans, about the patronage of the Ukrainian army over veterans, about the celebration of May 9 as a public holiday in Ukraine, about the benefits of war veterans from the Ukrainian state and much more, because they are well aware that their myths clearly contradict the truth about modern Ukraine and Ukrainians .
6. The visit of the Presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine to France to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the landing of the forces of the anti-Hitler coalition is a tribute to peace to the leaders of 2 independent states of the former USSR, who carried on their shoulders about 90% of the victories in that most terrible war in the history of mankind.
7. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine must indicate through diplomatic channels to prevent such a "falsification of history" against which the Russian Federation itself opposes. It is necessary to convey this fact to the President of Belarus Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko, who has already given his unequivocal answer about the talk about the "Russian diaspora" and possible changes in the borders of Belarus and the Russian Federation: "And in response to some I say: if Putin comes here, then it is not known on whose the Russians will fight on the side. Therefore, there is no need to scare us with Putin, Russia and so on," the President of the Republic of Belarus said.
The main thing is that the youth of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, despite the insinuations of a number of Wikipedia compilers, should remember and be proud of their heroes who saved in 1941-1945. world from the terrible fascist plague.
Remember: a nation that does not know its heroes, the futuredoes not have.
Today, only two marshals remain alive - Vasily Petrov and Dmitry Yazov. In total, there were 41 marshals in the Union, among them ten people from Ukraine within its modern borders.
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The title of marshal in the USSR appeared in 1935. Among the first military men awarded this title was one native of Ukraine - Kliment Voroshilov (pictured in the center).
The main regions of Ukraine that "supplyed" marshals are the East and the South.
Pavel Batitsky
The future Marshal and Hero of the Soviet Union was born in Kharkov. At the age of 14, he was already enrolled in the Kharkov military preparatory school, and from 1929 he commanded a squadron in the Belarusian military district.
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Batitsky also met the Great Patriotic War in Belarus with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In the first months of the war, his division not only successfully defended itself, but even carried out counterattacks.
By the end of the war, Batitsky participated in the Berlin and Prague operations and even presented himself for the title of Hero of the USSR, but due to a conflict with the political instructor, he never received the award.
After Stalin's death, it was Batitsky who carried out Beria's death sentence, and of his own free will.
In 1970, the marshal took part in organizing military assistance to Egypt.
Marshal died in Moscow.
Leonid Brezhnev
The Secretary General and four times Hero of the USSR was born in the city of Kamenskoye - now Dneprodzerzhinsk. As for the nationality of the "beloved" Leonid Ilyich, there are still disputes. In various documents, he is listed as both Russian and Ukrainian.
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Since 1937, Brezhnev has been actively involved in party life, becoming the secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee by 1939.
Since the beginning of the war, he has been engaged in the mobilization and evacuation of industry. In 1942, Brezhnev was transferred to the deputy head of the political department of the Southern Front, and in 1943 - to the head.
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Brezhnev is credited with being directly involved in the suppression of Ukrainian nationalists.
From 1950 to 1952 he was the first secretary of the Central Committee. After Stalin's death, he was transferred by Khrushchev to Kazakhstan. And in 1964, Brezhnev led the country at the head of the anti-Khrushchev group of conspirators.
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The so-called "period of stagnation" falls on the years of Brezhnev's rule. The era of "dear Leonid Ilyich" is considered the most stable and prosperous period in the history of the USSR.
Kliment Voroshilov
A native of the village of Verkhnee - now the city of Lisichansk, Lugansk region - Kliment Efremovich began working very early - from the age of 7. He was both a shepherd and a miner. As a teenager, he went to a metallurgical plant.
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In 1903, Voroshilov became a Bolshevik in Lugansk, and since 1908 he has been conducting underground activities in Baku. During the Civil War, he became People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR, and from 1925 - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR.
At times Stalinist repressions Voroshilov signed the death warrant for over 18,000 people. He is also accused of shooting Poles near Katyn.
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The title of Marshal Voroshilov was awarded during the Great Patriotic War.
Kliment Efremovich died in 1969. He was buried in Red Square right behind the mausoleum.
Andrey Eremenko
Another native of the Luhansk region. The future marshal was born in Markovka settlement.
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During the Civil War he fought with Budyonny. In the 1920s he became commander of a cavalry regiment.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Eremenko was wounded, surrounded, but was evacuated by a special plane. Later he participated in the Battle of Stalingrad.
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After the war he commanded the Carpathian military district. The rank of marshal was awarded in 1955.
Died in 1970.
Petr Koshevoy
The future twice Hero of the Soviet Union was born in the city of Alexandria, Kherson province (now the Kirovograd region). Since 1920 - in the army.
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He met the Great Patriotic War with the rank of colonel. He liberated Sevastopol and took Koenigsberg. For these operations he received a Hero.
After the war, he commanded several districts, and also became the Commander-in-Chief of the Group Soviet troops in Germany. All his life, the marshal was proud that he "never served in Moscow."
Grigory Kulik
Born in the Poltava region. In the army since 1912. Participated in the First World War, went from private to senior non-commissioned officer.
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During the Civil War, he served with Voroshilov, commanded artillery. In 1936 he participated in the war in Spain.
During the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the army, but in 1942 he was convicted for the surrender of Kerch and Rostov. He was deprived of awards and demoted in rank.
After the war, in 1947, he was arrested on charges of creating a group to fight against Soviet power. He was shot in 1950. In 1956 he was rehabilitated and reinstated in the rank of Marshal and Hero of the USSR.
Rodion Malinovsky
Born in Odessa. In 1914 he volunteered for the war, and in 1915 he was wounded. He was awarded the George Cross. In 1916 he fought in France as part of the Foreign Legion. He returned to Russia only in 1919, where he joined the Red Army.
